Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/suH-
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative reconstructions
editEtymology
editHas been suggested to derive from *sewH- (“to give birth”) if the original meaning was “sow”.[1][2]
Possibly related to Akkadian 𒊺𒄷𒌑 (še-hu-u₂, “pig”) (Old Babylonian šahû), which may be an Indo-European borrowing, as well as Sumerian 𒋚 (šah), 𒂄 (šaḫ) and 𒍢𒄴 (ze₂-eh).[3][4]
Noun
edit*suH-
Inflection
editAthematic, acrostatic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *súHs | ||
genitive | *suHés | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *súHs | *súHh₁(e) | *súHes |
vocative | *súH | *súHh₁(e) | *súHes |
accusative | *súHm̥ | *súHh₁(e) | *súHm̥s |
genitive | *suHés | *? | *suHóHom |
ablative | *suHés | *? | *suHmós, *suHbʰós |
dative | *suHéy | *? | *suHmós, *suHbʰós |
locative | *suHé, *suHéy | *? | *suHsú |
instrumental | *suHéh₁ | *? | *suHmís, *suHbʰís |
Alternative forms
edit- ? *suH-ḗn
- *súH-ō
Reconstruction notes
edit- It is conspicuous that the root only occurs in the zero-grade.
- Descendants in several branches, including at least Germanic *sugō and Celtic *sukkos and their descendants, show no trace of the laryngeal where it would be expected, while these two also show a suffix with a velar stop.[5][6] There are several potential explanations for these forms, but currently little consensus; Kroonen[7] explains the *-g- of the former as resulting from inner-Germanic sound laws that occurred independently in North and West Germanic from the original accusative *suwun. See more at Latin sucula and Ancient Greek σῠβώτης (subṓtēs).
Derived terms
edit- *suH-iHno-s (attributive adjective)[8]
- *suH-kó-
- >? Proto-Celtic: *sukkos (< *su(H)k-kós?; or perhaps borrowed from another language[6]) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *sugō f (< *su(H)k-éh₂?; or *suwu-:[7] see second reconstruction note)
- Proto-West Germanic: *sugu (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHkás
- ⇒? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHkarás
- Unsorted formations:
Descendants
edit- Proto-Albanian: *sūs[9]
- ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sū́ˀēnas (< *suH-en- or independently derived in Baltic from unrepresented *sū́ˀs)
- Proto-Germanic: *sūz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hūs, *sūs
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suH- (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *sūs[2]
- ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: (< *suw-on-)[12]
- Tocharian B: suwo
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “1. *suH-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 683–686
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sūs, sŭis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 603
- ^ Clackson, James (2002) Indo-European Word Formation: Proceedings from the International Conference, p. 387–388
- ^ Whittaker, Gordon (2008) “The Case for Euphratic”, in Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences[1], volume 2, number 3, pages 156–168.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kroonen, Guus (2011) “Neuniederländisch zeug ‚Sau‘ und spugen ‚speien‘: zwei Beispiele der westgermanischen Velarisierung? [Modern Dutch zeug ‘pig’ and spugen ‘spit’: two examples of West Germanic velarization?]”, in Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik [Amsterdam Contributions to Older Germanic Studies] (in German), volume 67, Amsterdam: Rodopi N.V. Koninklijke Brill, →ISSN, section 3, pages 149–161
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sukko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sū-, *suw-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*svinъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 226
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σῦς, συός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1425
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὗς, ὑός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1537
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “suwo”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 763