Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sámdas, from Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-os, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-os. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhí, “connection, treaty, peace”). See *sǫdì (“judge”).

Noun

*sǫ̃dъ m

1. court of law
2. trial
3. verdict, judgment

Inflection

Declension of *sǫ̃dъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sǫ̃dъ	*sǭdà	*sǭdì
genitive	*sǭdà	*sǭdù	*sǫ̃dъ
dative	*sǭdù	*sǭdòma	*sǭdòmъ
accusative	*sǫ̃dъ	*sǭdà	*sǭdỳ
instrumental	*sǭdъ̀mь, *sǭdòmь*	*sǭdòma	*sǫ̃dy
locative	*sǭdě̀	*sǭdù	*sǫ̃děxъ
vocative	*sǫde	*sǭdà	*sǭdì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *sǫdì (“judge”)
• *sǭdìti (“to judge”)
• *sǫdi(li)šče (“court”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сѫдъ (sǫdŭ), судъ (sudŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: судъ (sud)
      • Belarusian: суд (sud)
      • Ukrainian: суд (sud)
    • Russian: суд (sud) (see there for further descendants)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: сѫдъ (sǫdŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⱏ (sǫdŭ)

  • Bulgarian: съд (sǎd), сънт (sǎnt) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: суд (sud)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: су̑д

    Latin script: sȗd

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): sũd
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): sũt
  • Slovene: sọ́d (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: súd
    • Czech: soud
  • Old Polish: sąd, ssąd
    • Polish: sąd (“court”)
    • Silesian: sōnd
  • Old Slovak: súd
    • Slovak: súd
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: sąd
    • Slovincian: sõd
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sud
    • Lower Sorbian: sud

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Lithuanian: sũdas

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “суд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “суд”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa