Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vidъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéiˀdas (“appearance”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéyd-o-s, from *weyd- (“to know, see”). Cognate with Lithuanian véidas (“face”), Latvian veĩds (“form, shape”), and Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”). Further akin to Sanskrit वेद m (véda, “knowledge, perception”), वेदस् (védas), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬜𐬀𐬵 (vaēδah), Old Irish fíad, Welsh gŵydd.

Noun

*vȋdъ m

1. appearance

   *na vidъ ― in appearance/form, on the surface, seemingly

2. aspect, facet
3. view, scenery (something seen)

   Synonym: *ględъka

4. sight, vision (capacity to see)

   Synonym: *zьrěnьje

Declension

Declension of *vȋdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vȋdъ	*vȋda	*vȋdi
genitive	*vȋda	*vidù	*vĩdъ
dative	*vȋdu	*vidomà	*vidòmъ
accusative	*vȋdъ	*vȋda	*vȋdy
instrumental	*vȋdъmь, *vȋdomь*	*vidomà	*vidý
locative	*vȋdě	*vidù	*vidě̃xъ
vocative	*vide	*vȋda	*vȋdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *viďati (“to see, to perceive”)
• *vidovati (“to take a look”)
• *vidьcь (“witness”)
• *vidovъ (“aspectual”)
• *vidьnъ (“notable, eminent”)

Related terms

• *viděti (“to see”)
  • *vidimъ (“visible”)
  • *vidědlo (“light, luminary”)
• *vidomъ (“visible”)
• *vistь (“sight, look”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: видъ (vidŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: видъ (vid)
      • Belarusian: від (vid)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: вид (vyd)
      • Ukrainian: вид (vyd)
    • Russian: вид (vid)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: видъ (vidŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⰹⰴⱏ (vidŭ)

  • Bulgarian: вид (vid)
  • Macedonian: вид (vid)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ви̑д

    Latin script: vȋd

    • Chakavian: vȋd
  • Slovene: vȋd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: vid
  • Polish: wid (obsolete)
  • Slovak: vid

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вид”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “видеть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 149
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вид”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 143
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “vid”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si