Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ẹ̄r

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ēr

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unrelated to *erken (“while”) from *er- (“to be”).

Adverb

*ẹ̄r

1. early

Declension

Declension of *ẹ̄r

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ẹ̄r
Accusative	*ẹ̄rig, *ẹ̄rni1)
Genitive	*ẹ̄rniŋ
Dative	*ẹ̄rke
Locative	*ẹ̄rte
Ablative	*ẹ̄rten
Allative	*ẹ̄rgerü
Instrumental 2)	*ẹ̄rin
Equative 2)	*ẹ̄rče
Similative 2)	*ẹ̄rleyü
Comitative 2)	*ẹ̄rligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• *ẹ̄rte (“morning”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • ⇒ Bulgar: ارلا (erle)
    • Chuvash: ир (ir), ирлесе (irles̬e)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: er
  • Turkmen: īr, īrki
  • Salar: er