Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/er-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan merges this verb with *ẹr- (“to reach”).

Verb

*er-

1. (copulative) to be

Derived terms

• *erse (“if”)
• *ẹt- (“to do”)
• *erken (“while”)
• *ermeŕ (“not”)

Descendants

• Proto-Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: *ərmək
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ایمك (imäk, īmäk)
    • Azerbaijani: *imək
    • Gagauz: *imää
    • Ottoman Turkish: ایمك (imek)
      • Turkish: *imek
  • Turkmen: irmek
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (ermēk)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • Chagatai:
        • Uzbek: *emoq
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰼 (er-)
  • North Siberian Turkic:
    • Yakut: эр (er)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 193-194
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 218-220
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 46
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*er-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill