Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kï̄ŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to *kï̄rkïn (“maiden, slave girl”), *kïrnak (“slave girl”); compared to Proto-Tungusic *girkī (“mate, wife”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kï̄ŕ

1. girl
2. woman

Declension

Declension of *kï̄ŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kï̄ŕ
Accusative	*kï̄ŕnï, *kï̄ŕïg 4), *kï̄ŕnïg 1)
Genitive	*kï̄ŕnïŋ
Dative	*kï̄ŕka
Locative	*kï̄ŕta
Ablative	*kï̄ŕtan
Allative	*kï̄ŕgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kï̄ŕïn
Equative 2)	*kï̄ŕča
Similative 2)	*kï̄ŕlayu
Comitative 2)	*kï̄ŕlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: هیر (hï̄r)
    • Chuvash: хӗр (hĕr)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qıız
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qız
    • Ottoman Turkish: قیز (qïz)
      • Turkish: kız
      • Kurdish:

        → Northern Kurdish: qîz

      • Gagauz: kız
      • → Swedish: guss
  • Salar: gız
  • Turkmen: gȳz
  • Old Khalaj: خٖيزْ (xï̄z)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قٖيزْ (qï̄z)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (qïz)
      • Uyghur: قىز (qiz)
      • Uzbek: qiz
• Kipchak: [script needed] (qïz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qız
    • Karachay-Balkar: къыз (qız)
    • Karaim: kyz
    • Kumyk: къыз (qız)
    • Urum: хыз
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡыҙ (qıź)
    • Tatar: кыз (qız)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: qız
      • Kazakh: қыз (qyz)
      • Nogai: кыз (kız)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кыз (kız)
      • Southern Altai: кыс (kïs)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz)
  • Old Uyghur: qyz (qïz)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кыыс
    • Yakut: кыыс (kııs)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: кыс (kıs)
      • Tofa: кыс
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хыс (xıs)
      • Shor: қыс
      • Western Yugur: qïs

• Proto-Turkic: *kïrnāk

• Oghuz: قِرْناقْ
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Gagauz: kırnak
      • Turkish: kırnak
• Kipchak: قِرْناقْ
• Karakhanid: قِرْناقْ
• Turkmen: gyrnak

• Proto-Turkic: *kï̄rkïn

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: هیرحومْ (hïrhum)
    • Chuvash: хӑрхӑм (hărh̬ăm)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡырҡын (qırqın)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قِرقِنْ

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kı:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kırkın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 654
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kırna:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 661
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨ̄ŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 218
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 473
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 110
• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 58-59