Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/karga-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/karga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *karak (“pupil”)

Verb

*karga-

1. to curse, to maledict, to condemn, to damn

Descendants

• Proto-Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: قرغامق (qarġamaq)
    • Azerbaijani: qarğımaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: قرغیمق (kargımak), قرغامق (kargamak)
      • Turkish: kargımak, (dialectal) kargamak
  • Turkmen: gargamak
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Bashkir: ҡарғыу (qarğıw)
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Crimean Tatar: qarğamaq
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: қарғау (qarğau)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: каргаар (kargaar)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قَرْغاماقْ (qarğāmaq)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • Chagatai:
        • Uzbek: qargʻamoq
• Siberian Turkic:
  • North Siberian Turkic:
    • Yakut: кыраа (kıraa)
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: карганыр (karganır)

• ⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *kargïš (“curse, malediction”)

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: قَارِشْ (qarış), قارقش (qarqış), قارغیش (qarġış)
    • Azerbaijani: qarğış
    • Ottoman Turkish: قارش (karış), قارقش (karkış), قارغیش (kargış)
      • Turkish: kargış, (dialectal) karış, (dialectal) karkış
  • Turkmen: gargyş
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Bashkir: ҡарғыш (qarğış)
    • Tatar: qarğış
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Crimean Tatar: qarğış
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: қарғыс (qarğys)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: каргыш (kargış)
    • Southern Altai: каргыш (kargïš)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قَرْغِشْ (qarğïš)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • Chagatai:
        • Uzbek: qargʻish
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qarğïš, “curse”)
  • North Siberian Turkic:
    • Yakut: кырыыс (kırııs)
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: каргыш (kargış)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: харғас (xarğas)
      • Shor: [script needed] (kargıs)

Further reading

• Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/karga-”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 655