Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ordu
Proto-Turkic
editEtymology
editUncertain, however usually considered simplex. EDAL suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *or- verb suggesting *orun (“place”) and *ortu (“middle”) as cognates, however a derivation *or-du would have yielded *ortu not *ordu[1].
The rather uncommon consonant cluster *-rd- may also indicate a borrowing from an unknown source. Dybo suggests that the word is borrowed from Mongolic rather than the other way around[2].
Noun
edit*ordu
Declension
editDeclension of *ordu
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *ordu |
Accusative | *ordug, *ordunï1) |
Genitive | *ordunuŋ |
Dative | *orduka |
Locative | *orduda |
Ablative | *ordudan |
Allative | *ordugaru |
Instrumental 2) | *ordun |
Equative 2) | *orduča |
Similative 2) | *ordulayu |
Comitative 2) | *ordulugu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
edit- → Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠳ᠋ᠤ (ordu)
- Mongolian: орд (ord)
- → Classical Persian: اُرْدُو (urdū)
- Xiong-nu:
- → Old Chinese: 甌脫 (ōutuō)
- → Kalmyk: орда (orda)
- Common Turkic:
References
edit- ^ Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 332
- ^ Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica[2], volume 2, page 12
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 124
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 203
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)[3] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 452, page 32
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ordu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*or-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[4], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 364
- Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870) “Proto-Turkic/ordu”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary][5] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 54