Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/temür

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*temür

1. iron (metal)

Declension

Declension of *temür

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*temür
Accusative	*temürüg, *temürni1)
Genitive	*temürnüŋ
Dative	*temürke
Locative	*temürte
Ablative	*temürten
Allative	*temürgerü
Instrumental 2)	*temürün
Equative 2)	*temürče
Similative 2)	*temürleyü
Comitative 2)	*temürlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• *temür-či (“blacksmith”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • ⇒ Volga Bulgar: تمرج
    • Chuvash: тимӗр (timĕr)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: təmir
• Proto-Oghuz: *demir, *demür
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: dəmir
      • Ottoman Turkish: دمیر (demir)
        • Turkish: demir
        • Gagauz: demir
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: demir
    • Salar: dimur, demir
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (temür)
    • Chagatai: تیمور (temür), تمور (tömür)
      • → Classical Persian: تَمُر (tamur)
      • Uzbek: temir
      • Uyghur: تۆمۈر (tömür)
      • → Urdu: تیمور (temūr)
• Kipchak: تمور (tämür)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тимер (timer)
    • Tatar: тимер (timer)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: temir, demir
    • Kumyk: темир (temir)
    • Karachay-Balkar: темир (temir)
    • Karaim: темир
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: temir
      • Kazakh: темір (temır)
      • Nogai: темир (temir)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: темир (temir)
      • Southern Altai: темир (temir)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tämir)
    • Western Yugur: temïr
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: тимир (timir)
    • Dolgan: тимир
  • Sayan Turkic:
    • Tofa: дэмир (demir)
    • Tuvan: демир (demir)
  • Yenisei Turkic:
    • Khakas: тимір (timìr)
    • Shor: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)
    • Northern Altai: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)
• Serbi–Mongolic:
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *temür (“iron”)
    • Mongolian: төмөр (tömör, “iron”)
  • → Khitan: 𘮾𘮒 (*? úr, “iron”)

See also

Minerals in Proto-Turkic
Stone	stone: *tāĺ	Iron	iron: *temür	Silver	silver: *kümüĺ
Gold	gold: *altūn	Strawberry	copper: *bakïr	Chalk	chalk or earth: *bōr
Coal	coal: *kömür	Salt	salt: *tūŕ	Lead	lead: *korguĺčïn

References

• [1]