Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wrīhan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic edit

Alternative reconstructions edit

*wrīan, *wrīgan

Etymology edit

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *wrīhaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, weave, bind”).

Verb edit

*wrīhan^[1]^[2]

to plait, pleat
to bind with twine, baste
to impale, skewer

Inflection edit

Strong class 1
Infinitive	*wrīhan
1st sg. past	*wraih
3rd pl. past	*wrigun
Past ptcple	*wrigan
Infinitive	*wrīhan
Genitive infin.	*wrīhannjas
Dative infin.	*wrīhannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wrīhannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wrīhu	*wraih
2nd singular	*wrīhiʀi	*wrigī
3rd singular	*wrīhidi	*wraih
1st plural	*wrīhum	*wrigum
2nd plural	*wrīhid	*wrigud
3rd plural	*wrīhand	*wrigun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wrīhē	*wrigī
2nd singular	*wrīhēs	*wrigī
3rd singular	*wrīhē	*wrigī
1st plural	*wrīhēm	*wrigīm
2nd plural	*wrīhēþ	*wrigīd
3rd plural	*wrīhēn	*wrigīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wrīh
Plural	*wrīhid
	Present	Past
Participle	*wrīhandī	*wrigan

Derived terms edit

*andiwrīhan
*anawrīhan
- German: anreihen
- German Low German:
  Dortmundisch: anriggen
  
  Low Prussian: anrêgen
  
  East Frisian Low Saxon: anreihen
*biwrīhan
*inwrīhan
- German: einreihen
- German Low German:
  Lippisch: inrüijen
*upwrīhan
- German: aufreihen
- German Low German:
  Lippisch, Westmünsterländisch: uprijen
  
  East Frisian Low Saxon: uprejen

Related terms edit

*wrigōn

Descendants edit

Old English: wrēon (“to cover (up)”)
- Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
  - English: wry
Old Frisian: *wrīgia
- West Frisian: riuwe (“to bind with twine; to constrict”)
- ⇒ Old Frisian: wreigenge (“bedcover, duvet”)
- ⇒ Old Frisian: wrichte (“battle-garment”)
Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan
- Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen
  - German Low German:
    Altmärkisch: rîn
    
    Low Prussian: rêgen
    
    Westphalian:
    Bentheimisch: rîgen
    
    Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen
    
    Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)
    
    East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)
    
    Westmünsterländisch: rijen
Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan
- Middle Dutch: rîen (“to bind with twine”), rijenn, rîgen
  - Dutch: rijgen
  - Limburgish: riege
Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan
- Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (“to pleat; to impale”)
  - German: reihen
  - Luxembourgish: reien

References edit

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*wrīhan”
^ Agee, Joshua (2018) “A Glottometric Subgrouping of the Early Germanic Languages (PhD thesis)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], San Jose State University, →DOI, page 212: “PWGmc *wrīhan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*wrīhan”

[2] Agee, Joshua (2018) “A Glottometric Subgrouping of the Early Germanic Languages (PhD thesis)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], San Jose State University, →DOI, page 212: “PWGmc *wrīhan”

[1]

[2]