User:-sche/Wiyot
Wiyot. In Reichard's 1925 orthography except where noted. (Special letters: ɬ ɣ ɑ ʷ + others.)
items and structures
edit- bɑ'kɑrô "small drying frame"
- bɑɬ (“house partition”) (cf. mo·l)
- cf buhl- "house" (1993), buhl-/bul- "house" (Karl Teeter's 1964 The Wiyot language orthography)
- bɑt (“soot”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), pat (“soot, charcoal”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
- bɑtgē' (“maul”) (verb? or noun?)
- blaiya·tck (“wedge”)
- botcibal (“(wooden) arrow”)
- bumē·'pel "metal knife"
- las- (“grind [an] ax (or) grind[ing] ax”)
- man (“canoe paddle”)
- meɬ (“ax”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), bel (“axe”)/duhmel (“my axe (first person possessive)”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
- mo·l (“house; roof”) (cf. bɑɬ); contrast Yurok wohlkekw (“roof”), mehlkue (“(a certain part of a Yurok house)”)
- pakɬ (“needle of deer rib”)
- va'dop (“netting shuttle”)
- vaɬaɬ (“pipe”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography), bolàl or boɬàl ("doctor's pipe") (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
- vatsawē'tk (“ashes; stove”)
people and body parts (including animals')
edit- hɑmo·'twiɬ "woman"
- caroril, caróril "young woman, girl" (1993)
- he'tca· is glossed as "baby in arms"(?!)
- hikdak "Yurok man"
- wa'giswal "white woman"
- tikwomutwil, tikwómutwil "white woman" (1993)
- tikwo, tikwoh "white man" (1993)
- wɑkɑs "father-in-law" (1925), bakhas (“father-in-law, son-in-law”) (1993)
- aunt (maternal) : djo·l tco·l chul (1993: "čul") (The North American Indian orthography: chul; it also has Yurok "tul", corresponding to modern "tu'l", "tulos", which is used of both maternal and paternal, whereas Wiyot has in TNAI orthography "paq" for paternal aunt, 1993 "pokw") -- PA *neθwihša "my maternal aunt", PA *nesekwihsa "paternal aunt; cross aunt" [Hockett (1964)]
- 1993: ko (“mother”)
- 1993: bakhat (“mother-in-law, daughter-in-law”)
- daɣ (“belly”); contrast Yurok -yah (“belly, stomach”) ('ne-yah (“my belly, my stomach”))
- mapt (“wart”) (1925) / bópt "wart" (1964)
- mi·t (“gills”); compare Yurok mr'rx (“gills”)
- vɑ-ɬo'k (“upper arm”); contrast Yurok 'na-rkow (“my armpit”), 'ne-sen (“my arm”)
- vɑpt (“teeth”) (=bapt)
- vɑ'tɑr "nose" (from -tɑr- "project")
- vɑ-tok "elbow"
- vɑ't-wo·k "rib"
- wad- "shell"
- wɑtgɑn (“nail”) (rɑtgɑn, kɑtgɑn) / vɑ-tgɑ'n (“finger- or toe-nail”)
- wē·'liɬ "foot" (1925), huwéliɬahl "her/his/its foot" (1993)
- we's "hand" (1925), wehs "hand" (1993 + Karl Teeter's 1964 The Wiyot language orthography)
- wēt (rē·t, kē·t) "tongue" (1925) / bít "tongue" (1964)
- witcgatc "leg" (1925) / báčkoč "leg" (1964)
- vɑ'tɑr "nose", rɑ'tɑr "my nose"
- vītsaɬ "saliva", rī'tsaɬ "my saliva" (1925) / bicôɬ "saliva" (1964)
- dɑ'wē glossed as "milt" (which according to en.Wikt means either "(animal) spleen" or "fish semen")
- baibalûk "ears" (1964)
- nókwoš "Yurok woman" (1964)
plants
edit- -ɑɬat "tree; bush"
- wawar-ɑɬat "salmon-berry bush"
- doɬ-ɑɬat "tan oak"
- vi'go-ɬat "salal-berry bush"
- te'ma·'-ɬat "elder bush"
- bɑdaɣɑt "apple"
- bɑgɑɬē·'tek "blueberry"
- gudji'cɑkwe (“pine nut”) (1925), kučišakwih (“pine nut bead”) (1993)
- gwa·s "tobacco"
- gwāts (??) "a bulbous plant"
- ɣɑs "manzanita"
- kɑwɑ'ɬ "dusky-leaved willow"
- la·c "strawberry"
- tgaɬ (?) "shiny-leaved willow"
- tso'm, "Leptitimia californica", a misspelling or misprint of Leptotaenia californica, an obsolete synonym of Lomatium californicum
- va'da'u' "salmon berry"
- va·d·l' "wood"
- vɑɬ "small bulbous plant"
- 1925: vɑt "hazelnut"; contrast 1993: haskapohla "hazelnuts"
- vē·ɬ (“nettle”) (-ē·ɬ?); compare Yurok me'yehl (“stinging nettle”) (-('y)ehl?)
- kwóswak "tobacco" (1964)
- thihmó "elderberries" (1964)
- rôkɬ "river onion" (1964) / rokɬ "river onion" (1993)
- palokhatk "hill onion(s), Indian potatoes, Brodiaca sp." (1993)
animals
edit- bɑkt "duck a little smaller than a loon"
- be·'i "mosquito"
- bo'tceɬ "night hawk"
- butcate "snail"
- cada·'c (“condor”); contrast Yurok hewono' (“condor”), pregonish (“condor”)/pregoos (“condor”)
- ci'par "small round shell which is strung"
- cira·'wɑ'n "dove"
- dāicô'te "animal"
- dɑ'kdo'ker "small black sea lion"
- dɑ'kgô·k "quail"
- dɑvɑ'l "king salmon(?)"
- da·'yl' "Sacramento goose"
- ɬawa'da'l "fish smaller than a steelhead but otherwise like it"
- ɬete (“wood rat”); contrast trgrs (“rat”)
- ɬo'kat "hake"
- ɬu·b "small shellfish"
- ɬwuraɣɑ'di "kind of crab"
- sa·ɣo'ks "canvasback duck"
- sɑlɑ's "ground squirrel (Athapascan slas)"
- sɑpɬ "a kind of crab"
- skɑrē·'ts "flounder"
- ve-lɑkʷ (“elk”); contrast Yurok mewihl (“elk”)
- ve-lɑkwiva·n "crane"
- ve-tcac "mussels (when inside something)"
- wóyic (1993 orthography)
- tɑpɬ (“bumble bee”)
- tɑvɑ'ɣɑr (“white short-nosed sturgeon”)
- tgēbɑ's (“small red crab”)
- tgo·w (“bluebill”)
- tkayo·'kis (“starfish”); contrast Yurok koyaakw' (“starfish”)
- twl'nuwl' (“herring”)
- tya·kʷ (“yellowhammer; yellow-shafted flicker”) (Colaptes auratus); contrast Yurok pega'r (“yellowhammer”)/pegoy (“flicker, yellowhammer”)
- botskɑts "a bunch of [ten] ducks : ten ducks tied together"
- makʷ hɑdē'gwɑ'l "bear his louse", i.e. "caterpillar"
- bókw "bear" (NL)
- ha'-la·'l-iɬ "duck ['it flies around']"
- ha-ɬa·'l-iɣ "jump around"
- ha'-likʷɬ-il "fox ['he cries around']"
- ha-rakʷɬi'r-iɬ "wolf ['he chases around']"
- he-ya-va·'w-iɬ "it is crying"
- 1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography: lowepalukil (“rabbit”), hikw (“rabbitskin”)
- 1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography: woyic ("dog, horse"), wečoč ("puppy [dog]")
- phicûhlokš "owl" (1964)
- chòd "mussels" (1964)
- čumoš "slug" (1964)
- ɬimoyúsahla "bluejay" (1964)
- hoɬe·i' [clam]
- horawa'yɑɣel [fur seal (probably a compound)]
- hu-rá-wa-yi-ģhiħl (The North American Indian orthography; it also has "tu-wḗ-ģhā́" for Yurok "raccoon", modern Yurok orthography "twegoh")
- hɑ'mĕ·k [pigeon]
- bitso'lake [owl]
- becdo'l [chipmunk (compound)]
- ba·'m [sturgeon]
- ka-chó-qi "rattlesnake" (TNAI), hóhrač "snake" (1993)
misc
edit- valar (“war song”); contrast Yurok rur (“song”)
- mɑs wulo·lɑ'l "fire its mouth", i.e. "fireplace"
- The Wiyot Language (1964), page 81: "Two nouns of the class have an irregular 1-Poss: balid 'eyes' and balul 'mouth', whose 1-Poss forms are respectively kalid and kalul."
- Wiyot Handbook (1993): balul "mouth", kalul "mouth of 1[st person, i.e. 'my mouth']", khalúl "mouth of 2[nd person, i.e. 'your mouth']"
- mɑs (“fire”) (Reichard's 1925 orthography) / bas (“fire”) (1993 Wiyot Handbook orthography)
- see *mehše
- gɑtsunē·k "ice"
- gowe'lei' "earthquake"
- gves "mountain"
- hēɬɑ'k "lightning"
- ho·'l (“water”) (1925), huhl (“water”) (1993)
- kā·k "cloudy night" (literally "open")
- laleɬ (“river”, literally “it flows”)
- lɑ'pdau' "cloud"
- latgak (“sand”)
- we'n hawɑlē'nɑ'l "sky its eyes", i.e. stars
- we'n (“sky”); contrast Yurok 'wes'onew (“sky”)
- pei' (“(spoiled) yeast”)
- vo'd·ɑwɑ'k "famine"
- wi'k-dat "southward, up hither (used in prayer)"
- -dēgaw- "cut through"
- dēcgl'gwa·g- "talk of dead people"
- (-)dēg- (sometimes dēgw-) "break; sever"
- -dēgɑl- (“urinate”); contrast Yurok hahsehl (“urine”), 'ah (“urinate (of men)”), 'rkryshek' (“I urinate”)
- -dēgw·ɑ-wē·c- "mark a spark"
- -dēgwɑl- "tell what one (as a doctor) sees : diagnose"
- -dēkʷɬ- "lie"
- (-)lɑtgɑr- "frighten, chase"
- -lɑnēm- "take [a?] trail"
- -lɑtsg- "make[a] report"
- (h/y/d/l)ē·l "say"
- hēɬɑɬ- "choke"
- heɬonɑtc- "blow [one's] nose"
- Wiyot: ga'wik (“blood”) (in Reichard's 1925 orthography), kahwik (“blood”) (in the 1993 Wiyot handbook’s orthography); saɣ (“is red”) (in Reichard's 1925 orthography); bas (“red”) (in the 1993 Wiyot handbook’s orthography)
- Yurok: pekoyek (“blood”) (short form: pek); pekoyoh (“be red”)
- batûk "sibling" (1964)
- bácas "sibling-in-law (woman speaking)" (1964)
- čhuróč "bottle" (1964)
- latkâk "sand" (1964)
- bíkwhal "tears" (1964)
- báh "excrement" (1964)
- bacókš "semen" (1964)
- 1925: A final r or d becomes n when certain suffixes are added: tsa·r "mussel", tsa·'nats "shell spoon"
- ku "that" (1993)
- -lɑ'wɑl- [swallow (verb)],
- -lɑwas- [string a bow (verb)]