User:Gilgamesh~enwiktionary/Greek IPA tokens

This is a concept for a template-argument-based common set of tokens for indicating Classical Greek pronunciation. Ancient, Koine, Byzantine and Contemporary (Modern) periods are covered—how Greek people in these periods pronounced Classical Greek words.

Code	Greek	Class. IPA	Koine IPA	Byzan. IPA	Cont. IPA	Notes
_						Inserts a space in the IPA text.
.		.				In Ancient IPA only, inserted between two adjacent vowels syllables to clarify that they do not form a single syllable diphthong. Never used in Koine IPA onward.
h		h	(h)			Ancient Greek heavy breathing phoneme, which becomes scarce in Koine and vanishes afterwards.
a	ᾰ	a	a	a	a	For short α or α of uncertain length (presumed to be short unless otherwise specified).
a'	ά (ᾰ)	á	ˈa	ˈa	ˈa
a`	ὰ (ᾰ)	à	ˈa	ˈa	ˈa
aa	ᾱ	aː	a(ː)	a	a
aa'	ά (ᾱ)	áː	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
aa`	ὰ (ᾱ)	àː	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
aa^	ᾶ	ȃː	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
ai	αι	aɪ	ɛ(ː)	e̞	e̞
ai'	αί	áɪ	ˈɛ(ː)	ˈe̞	ˈe̞
ai`	αὶ	àɪ	ˈɛ(ː)	ˈe̞	ˈe̞
ai^	αῖ	ȃɪ	ˈɛ(ː)	ˈe̞	ˈe̞
aai	ᾳ	aːj	a(ː)	a	a
aai'	ᾴ	áːj	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
aai`	ᾲ	àːj	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
aai^	ᾷ	ȃːj	ˈa(ː)	ˈa	ˈa
au	ᾰυ	aʊ	aw	av	av
au'	ᾰύ	áʊ	ˈaw	ˈav	ˈav
au`	ᾰὺ	àʊ	ˈaw	ˈav	ˈav
au^	ᾰῦ	ȃʊ	ˈaw	ˈav	ˈav
auh	ᾰυ	aʊ	aʍ	af	af	Before voiceless consonants or word-final.
auh'	ᾰύ	áʊ	ˈaʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
auh`	ᾰὺ	àʊ	ˈaʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
auh^	ᾰῦ	ȃʊ	ˈaʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
aub	ᾰυβ	aʊb	awb	avv	a(v)v
au'b	ᾰύβ	áʊb	ˈawb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
au`b	ᾰὺβ	àʊb	ˈawb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
au^b	ᾰῦβ	ȃʊb	ˈawb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
auph	ᾰυφ	aʊpʰ	aʍpʰ	aff	a(f)f
au'ph	ᾰύφ	áʊpʰ	ˈaʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
au`ph	ᾰὺφ	àʊpʰ	ˈaʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
au^ph	ᾰῦφ	ȃʊpʰ	ˈaʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
aau	ᾱυ	aːw	a(ː)w	av	av
aau'	ᾱύ	áːw	ˈa(ː)w	ˈav	ˈav
aau`	ᾱὺ	àːw	ˈa(ː)w	ˈav	ˈav
aau^	ᾱῦ	ȃːw	ˈa(ː)w	ˈav	ˈav
aauh	ᾱυ	aːw	a(ː)ʍ	af	af	Before voiceless consonants or word-final.
aauh'	ᾱύ	áːw	ˈa(ː)ʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
aauh`	ᾱὺ	àːw	ˈa(ː)ʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
aauh^	ᾱῦ	ȃːw	ˈa(ː)ʍ	ˈaf	ˈaf
aaub	ᾱυβ	aːwb	a(ː)wb	avv	a(v)v
aau'b	ᾱύβ	áːwb	ˈa(ː)wb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
aau`b	ᾱὺβ	àːwb	ˈa(ː)wb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
aau^b	ᾱῦβ	ȃːwb	ˈa(ː)wb	ˈavv	ˈa(v)v
aauph	ᾱυφ	aːwpʰ	a(ː)ʍpʰ	aff	a(f)f
aau'ph	ᾱύφ	áːwpʰ	ˈa(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
aau`ph	ᾱὺφ	àːwpʰ	ˈa(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
aau^ph	ᾱῦφ	ȃːwpʰ	ˈa(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈaff	ˈa(f)f
b	β	b	b	v	v
bb	ββ	bb	bb	vv	(v)v
g	γ	ɡ	ɡ	ɣ	ɣ
gj	γ	ɡ	ɡ	ɣ	ʝ	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
ng	γγ	ŋɡ	ŋɡ	ŋɣ	ŋɡ
ngj	γγ	ŋɡ	ŋɡ	ŋɣ	ɲɟ	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
nk	γκ	ŋk	ŋk	ŋk	̃ɡ
nkj	γκ	ŋk	ŋk	ŋk	̃ɟ	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
nks	γξ	ŋkʰs	ŋks	ŋks	̃ɡz
nkh	γχ	ŋkʰ	ŋkʰ	ŋx	ŋx
nkhj	γχ	ŋkʰ	ŋkʰ	ŋx	ɲç	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
d	δ	d	d	ð	ð
(d)	δ		d	ð	ð	Before ζ σ ς. Suppressed in Ancient pronunciation.
dd	δδ	dd	dd	ðð	(ð)ð
e	ε	e	ɛ	e̞	e̞
e'	έ	é	ˈɛ	ˈe̞	ˈe̞
e`	ὲ	è	ˈɛ	ˈe̞	ˈe̞
ei	ει	eː	i(ː)	i	i
ei'	εί	éː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ei`	εὶ	èː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ei^	εῖ	ȇː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
eu	ευ	eʊ	ɛw	e̞v	e̞v
eu'	εύ	éʊ	ˈɛw	ˈe̞v	ˈe̞v
eu`	εὺ	èʊ	ˈɛw	ˈe̞v	ˈe̞v
eu^	εῦ	ȇʊ	ˈɛw	ˈe̞v	ˈe̞v
euh	ευ	eʊ	ɛʍ	e̞f	e̞f	Before voiceless consonants or word-final.
euh'	εύ	éʊ	ˈɛʍ	ˈe̞f	ˈe̞f
euh`	εὺ	èʊ	ˈɛʍ	ˈe̞f	ˈe̞f
euh^	εῦ	ȇʊ	ˈɛʍ	ˈe̞f	ˈe̞f
eub	ευβ	eʊb	ɛwb	e̞vv	e̞(v)v
eu'b	εύβ	éʊb	ˈɛwb	ˈe̞vv	ˈe̞(v)v
eu`b	εὺβ	èʊb	ˈɛwb	ˈe̞vv	ˈe̞(v)v
eu^b	εῦβ	ȇʊb	ˈɛwb	ˈe̞vv	ˈe̞(v)v
euph	ευφ	eʊpʰ	ɛʍpʰ	e̞ff	e̞(f)f
eu'ph	εύφ	éʊpʰ	ˈɛʍpʰ	ˈe̞ff	ˈe̞(f)f
eu`ph	εὺφ	èʊpʰ	ˈɛʍpʰ	ˈe̞ff	ˈe̞(f)f
eu^ph	εῦφ	ȇʊpʰ	ˈɛʍpʰ	ˈe̞ff	ˈe̞(f)f
z	ζ	zd	z	z	z
zz	ζ	zd	zz	z	z	Between vowels in Koine.
ee	η	ɛː	e(ː)	i	i
ee'	ή	ɛ́ː	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ee`	ὴ	ɛ̀ː	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ee^	ῆ	ɛ̑ː	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
eei	ῃ	ɛːj	e(ː)	i	i
eei'	ῄ	ɛ́ːj	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
eei`	ῂ	ɛ̀ːj	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
eei^	ῇ	ɛ̑ːj	ˈe(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
eeu	ηυ	ɛːw	e(ː)w	iv	iv
eeu'	ηύ	ɛ́ːw	ˈe(ː)w	ˈiv	ˈiv
eeu`	ηὺ	ɛ̀ːw	ˈe(ː)w	ˈiv	ˈiv
eeu^	ηῦ	ɛ̑ːw	ˈe(ː)w	ˈiv	ˈiv
eeuh	ηυ	ɛːw	e(ː)ʍ	if	if	Before voiceless consonants or word-final.
eeuh'	ηύ	ɛ́ːw	ˈe(ː)ʍ	ˈif	ˈif
eeuh`	ηὺ	ɛ̀ːw	ˈe(ː)ʍ	ˈif	ˈif
eeuh^	ηῦ	ɛ̑ːw	ˈe(ː)ʍ	ˈif	ˈif
eeub	ηυβ	ɛːwb	e(ː)wb	ivv	i(v)v
eeu'b	ηύβ	ɛ́ːwb	ˈe(ː)wb	ˈivv	ˈi(v)v
eeu`b	ηὺβ	ɛ̀ːwb	ˈe(ː)wb	ˈivv	ˈi(v)v
eeu^b	ηῦβ	ɛ̑ːwb	ˈe(ː)wb	ˈivv	ˈi(v)v
eeuph	ηυφ	ɛːwpʰ	e(ː)ʍpʰ	iff	i(f)f
eeu'ph	ηύφ	ɛ́ːwpʰ	ˈe(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈiff	ˈi(f)f
eeu`ph	ηὺφ	ɛ̀ːwpʰ	ˈe(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈiff	ˈi(f)f
eeu^ph	ηῦφ	ɛ̑ːwpʰ	ˈe(ː)ʍpʰ	ˈiff	ˈi(f)f
th	θ	tʰ	tʰ	θ	θ
(th)	θ		tʰ	θ	θ	Before ζ σ ς. Suppressed in Ancient pronunciation.
thth	θθ	ttʰ	ttʰ	θθ	(θ)θ
i	ῐ	i	i	i	i	For short ι or ι of uncertain length (presumed to be short unless otherwise specified).
i'	ί (ῐ)	í	ˈi	ˈi	ˈi
i`	ὶ (ῐ)	ì	ˈi	ˈi	ˈi
ii	ῑ	iː	i(ː)	i	i
ii'	ί (ῑ)	íː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ii`	ὶ (ῑ)	ìː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
ii^	ῖ	ȋː	ˈi(ː)	ˈi	ˈi
k	κ	k	k	k	k
kj	κ	k	k	k	c	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
k$	κ	ɡ	ɡ	ɡ	ɡ	When pronounced as voiced before voiced consonants.
kj$	κ	ɡ	ɡ	ɡ	ɟ	When pronounced as voiced before voiced consonants that have a Contemporary palatal pronunciation.
kk	κκ	kk	kk	kk	k(ʰ)
kkj	κκ	kk	kk	kk	c(ʰ)	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
l	λ	l	l	l	l
ll	λλ	ll	ll	ll	(l)l
m	μ	m	m	m	m
(m)	μ		m	m	m	Before ζ σ ς and after a vowel that is already long. The μ is suppressed in Ancient pronunciation.
(mm)	μ	ː	m	m	m	Before ζ σ ς and after a short vowel. The μ is suppressed in Ancient pronunciation and the preceding vowel is lengthened.
mb	μβ	mb	mb	ɱv	ɱv
mm	μμ	mm	mm	mm	(m)m
mp	μπ	mp	mp	mp	̃b
mph	μφ	mpʰ	mpʰ	ɱf	ɱf
mps	μψ	mpʰs	mps	mps	̃bz
n	ν	n	n	n	n
(n)	ν		n	n	n	Before ζ σ ς and after a vowel that is already long. The ν is suppressed in Ancient pronunciation.
(nn)	ν	ː	n	n	n	Before ζ σ ς and after a short vowel. The ν is suppressed in Ancient pronunciation and the preceding vowel is lengthened.
nd	νδ	nd	nd	nð	nð
nth	νθ	ntʰ	ntʰ	nθ	nθ
nn	νν	nn	nn	nn	(n)n
nt	ντ	nt	nt	nt	̃d
ntz	ντζ	zd	nʣ	nʣ	̃ʣ
nntz	ντζ	ːzd	nʣ	nʣ	̃ʣ	After a short vowel.
nts	ντσ, ντς	s	nʦ	nʦ	̃ʣ
nnts	ντσ, ντς	ːs	nʦ	nʦ	̃ʣ	After a short vowel.
ks	ξ	kʰs	ks	ks	ks
ks$	ξ	ɡʱz	ɡz	ɡz	ɡz	Before voiced consonants.
o	ο	o	o	o̞	o̞
o'	ό	ó	ˈo̞	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
o`	ὸ	ò	ˈo̞	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
oi	οι	oɪ	y(ː)	i(ʷ)	i
oi'	οί	óɪ	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
oi`	οὶ	òɪ	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
oi^	οῖ	ȏɪ	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
ou	ου	oː	u(ː)	u	u
ou'	ού	óː	ˈu(ː)	ˈu	ˈu
ou`	οὺ	òː	ˈu(ː)	ˈu	ˈu
ou^	οῦ	ȏː	ˈu(ː)	ˈu	ˈu
p	π	p	p	p	p
pp	ππ	pp	pp	pp	p(ʰ)
rh	ῥ	r̥	(h)r	r	r
r	ρ	r	r	r	r
rrh	ῤῥ, ρρ	r̥r̥	rr	rr	(r)r
s	σ, ς	s	s	s	s
s$	σ	z	z	z	z	Before voiced consonants.
sz	σζ	zz	zz	zz	(z)z
ss	σσ	ss	ss	ss	(s)s
t	τ	t	t	t	t
tz	τζ	zd	ʣ	ʣ	ʣ
ts	τσ, τς	s	ʦ	ʦ	ʦ
tt	ττ	tt	tt	tt	t(ʰ)
u	ῠ	y	y	i(ʷ)	i	For short υ or υ of uncertain length (presumed to be short unless otherwise specified).
u'	ύ (ῠ)	ý	ˈy	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
u`	ὺ (ῠ)	ỳ	ˈy	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
uu	ῡ	yː	y(ː)	i(ʷ)	i
uu'	ύ (ῡ)	ýː	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
uu`	ὺ (ῡ)	ỳː	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
uu^	ῦ	y̑ː	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
ui	υι	yːj	y(ː)	i(ʷ)	i
ui'	υί	ýːj	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
ui`	υὶ	ỳːj	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
ui^	υῖ	y̑ːj	ˈy(ː)	ˈi(ʷ)	ˈi
ph	φ	pʰ	pʰ	f	f
phph	φφ	ppʰ	ppʰ	ff	(f)f
kh	χ	kʰ	kʰ	x	x
khj	χ	kʰ	kʰ	x	ç	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
khkh	χχ	kkʰ	kkʰ	xx	(x)x
khkhj	χχ	kkʰ	kkʰ	xx	(ç)ç	Before front vowels in Contemporary pronunciation.
ps	ψ	pʰs	ps	ps	ps
ps$	ψ	bʱz	bz	bz	bz	Before voiced consonants.
oo	ω	ɔː	o̞(ː)	o̞	o̞
oo'	ώ	ɔ́ː	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
oo`	ὼ	ɔ̀ː	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
oo^	ῶ	ɔ̑ː	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
ooi	ῳ	ɔːj	o̞(ː)	o̞	o̞
ooi'	ῴ	ɔ́ːj	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
ooi`	ῲ	ɔ̀ːj	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞
ooi^	ῷ	ɔ̑ːj	ˈo̞(ː)	ˈo̞	ˈo̞