User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drukkōną

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-néh₂-ti, from *dʰrewgʰ-.

Verb

*drukkōną

to dry

Inflection

Conjugation of *drukkōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drukkō	*drukkǭ	—	*drukkōi	?
2nd singular	*drukkōsi	*drukkōs	*drukkō	*drukkōsai	*drukkōsau
3rd singular	*drukkōþi	*drukkō	*drukkōþau	*drukkōþai	*drukkōþau
1st dual	*drukkōs	*drukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drukkōþiz	*drukkōþiz	*drukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*drukkōmaz	*drukkōm	—	*drukkōnþai	*drukkōnþau
2nd plural	*drukkōþ	*drukkōþ	*drukkōþ	*drukkōnþai	*drukkōnþau
3rd plural	*drukkōnþi	*drukkōn	*drukkōnþau	*drukkōnþai	*drukkōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drukkōdǭ	*drukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*drukkōdēz	*drukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*drukkōdē	*drukkōdēdī
1st dual	*drukkōdēdū	*drukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*drukkōdēdudiz	*drukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*drukkōdēdum	*drukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*drukkōdēdud	*drukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*drukkōdēdun	*drukkōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*drukkōndz	*drukkōdaz

Derived terms

*drukknaną (“to dry out; to wither”) (+ *-naną) (parallel to *þurznaną)
- Proto-West Germanic: *drukknan
  - Old English: drycnan (“to dry; to make dry”)
    - ⇒ Old English: ġedrycnan (“to dry”) (+ ġe-)
  - ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *drukknēn (+ *-ēn)
    - Old Saxon: druknian
    - Old High German: trukkanēn, truckanēn, trokkanēn
      - Middle High German: truckenen
        German: trocknen
        
        Luxembourgish: dréchnen, dréchenen
  - ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *drukknī (“dryness”) (+ *-ī)
    - Old High German: trukkanī
  - ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *drukknō (“dryly”) (+ *-ō)
    - Old Saxon: drukno, drokno
    - Old High German: trukkano
- ⇒ *drukknaz
  - Proto-West Germanic: *drukkn
    - Old High German: trukkan, truckan trokkan
      - Middle High German: trucken, trocken
        German: trocken
        
        Hunsrik: drock
        
        Luxembourgish: dréchen
        
        Yiddish: טרוקן (trukn)

*drūgiz
- Proto-West Germanic: *drūgī
  - Old English: drȳġe, drīġe
    - Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
      - English: dry
      - Scots: dry, drey
  - Old Frisian: *drūge, *drēge, *drūch
    - North Frisian: drüg, driig
    - Saterland Frisian: druuch
  - Old Saxon: *drūgi
    - Middle Low German: drūge, drüge
  - Old Dutch: *drūgi
    - Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe
      - Limburgish: druug
  - Old High German: *drūgi (northern; attested as drūgon, dat. pl.)
    - Middle High German: drǖge
      - Central Franconian: drüch, drei
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *drūgijan (+ *-jan)
  - Old English: drȳġan, drīġan, drīġean
    - Middle English: driȝen, drien
      - English: dry
      - Scots: drie, dry
  - Old Frisian: *drūgia
    - Saterland Frisian: druugje
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *drūgōþu (“drought”) (+ *-ōþu)
  - Old English: drūgaþ
  - Old Saxon:
    - Middle Low German: drȫgede, drügede, drȫchte

Related terms

*draugaz (“dry”)
- Proto-West Germanic: *draug
  - Proto-West Germanic: *draugī
    - Old English: *drēaġe
      - Old English: drēahnian (+ -nian)
        Middle English: dreinen
        English: drain
    - Old Saxon: *drōgi
      - Middle Low German: drōge
        Low German: dröög, dröge
        → German: dröge
    - Old Dutch: *drougi, *drōgi
      - Middle Dutch: drôghe
        Dutch: droog
        Afrikaans: droog
        Berbice Creole Dutch: droko
        Negerhollands: droog, drok
        Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg
        → West Frisian: droech
- Old Norse: draugr (“dry, withered wood”) (substantized)
  - Icelandic: draugur (“dry log”)