User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰar-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Europan edit

Alternative reconstructions edit

*bʰer-

Root edit

*bʰar-^[1]^[2]

to eat
wheat, bread, food

Derived terms edit

*bʰár-u-ti ~ *bʰr̥-w-énti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárwanti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárwanti
    - Sanskrit: भर्वति (bʰárvati, “to chew, devour, eat”)

*bʰár ~ *bʰár-s-os
- Albanian: bar (“grass”)
- Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“barley”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: φήρον (phḗron, “food of the gods”)
- Proto-Italic: *far (“emmer wheat, flour”)^[3]
  - Faliscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far)
  - Latin: far

*bʰar-s-in-om^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *boršьno (“flour”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)

*bʰr̥-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nás
  - Proto-Iranian: *br̥náh
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (brrāvä, “food”) (+ *-āvä)

*bʰárwr̥ ~ *bʰr̥wéns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥wr̥
  - ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰHŕ̥was (“food, meal”) (+ *-as)
    - Avestan: [script needed] (baoᵘruua)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (bāṃrai) (+ *-akah)
    - Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠*baruva⁠/)
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (bwl /⁠bōr⁠/)
        → Khotanese: [script needed] (bōrak, “bread”)
      - ⇒ Old Persian: [script needed] (gubrᵘuv- /⁠gaubaruva⁠/)

*bʰar-ǵʰ-

*bʰárǵʰ-ye-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *bargijaną (“to taste”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰárǵʰ-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *bargos, *barginā (“bread”)
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Breton: bara
    - Cornish: bara
    - Welsh: bara
  - Middle Irish:
    - Irish: bairgen
    - Scottish Gaelic: bairghin

*bʰar-gʷ-

Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: φέρβω (phérbō, “to pasture, tend, feed, nourish”)
  - - ⇒ Ancient Greek: φορβή (phorbḗ)
  - Mycenaean Greek: [script needed] (po-qa /⁠pʰorgʷā-⁠/)

Lithuanian: barot (“to feed”)

References edit

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bʰar- : bʰor- : bʰr̥-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 108-110
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 299
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 201-202
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 57

References edit

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bʰar- : bʰor- : bʰr̥-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 108-110

[2] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 299

[EDL-3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 201-202

[Derksen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 57

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