User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂lewp-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂lewp-

to violate, injure, cause pain

Derived terms

*h₂léwp-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *loupō
  - Latin: *lupō, lapit (“to cause pain or grief”) (unrounding?)

*h₂lup-yé-ti (zero-grade yé-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlupyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlupyáti
    - Sanskrit: रुप्यति (rupyati, “to violate, disturb; to suffer violenlent pain”)

*h₂lowp-éye-ti (éye-causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlawpáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlawpáyati
    - Sanskrit: लोपयते (lopayate)

*h₂léwp-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hláwpas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hláwpas
    - Sanskrit: लोप (lopa, “injury, destruction”)

*h₂lówp-i-s ~ *h₂wl̥p-éy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hláwpiš (“fox”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwr̥píš
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hwr̥píš
    - Younger Avestan: [script needed] (urᵘpi), [script needed] m (urᵘpōiš, “weasel”, gen.sg.)
    - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (urvesok)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (gwlbkʼ /⁠gurbag⁠/, “cat”)
      - Classical Persian: گربه (gurba)
        Persian: گربه (ɡorbe)
        
        Tajik: гурба (gurba)
- Proto-Italic: *wolpis m (“fox”)
- *h₂wl̥pi-néh₂
  - Proto-Anatolian:
    - Luwian: [script needed] (ulipna-), [script needed] (walipna-)
  - Proto-Albanian: *dzelpinā, *welpinā
- *h₂wl̥pi-ú-s
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] (“wild cat”)
    - Lithuanian: vilpišỹs, vil̃pišys, vilpìšius

*h₂léwp-u-s ~ *h₂lup-éw-s
- (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *lupus
  - Latin: lupus (“wolf”)

*h₂lup-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hluptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hluptás
    - Sanskrit: लुप्त (lupta, “injured, violated, destroyed”)

*h₂lṓp-s ~ *h₂lep-és
- *h₂lóp-s ~ *h₂lép-s ~ *h₂lóps-m̥
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lopsē (“fox”)
    - Latgalian: lopsa
    - Latvian: lapsa
    - Lithuanian: lãpė
    - Old Prussian: lape
    - Sudovian: laps

*h₂lewp-eh₁-

*h₂léwpeh₁-s ~ *h₂lupeh₁-és (“fox”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HlawpáHs
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HlawpáHkas
    - Sanskrit: लोपाक (lopāka)
  - Proto-Nuristani: *HlawpáHkyas
- *h₂lewpéh₁-ḱo-s (“fox-like”)^[1]
  - *h₂lowpéh₁ḱ-ó-s^[1]
    - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HlawpaHĉás (“jackal, fox”) (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂lópeh₁-r̥ ~ *h₂lépeh₁-n̥s
  - *h₂lópeh₁r-no-s
    - Proto-Celtic: *lofērnos (“fox”)^[2] (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂lṓpeh₁-s ~ *h₂lópeh₁-s
  - Proto-Armenian:
    - Old Armenian: աղուէս (ałuēs), աղուվէս (ałuvēs, “fox”)
- *h₂lupéh₁-ḱo-s (“fox-like”)^[1]
  - *h₂lṓpéh₁ḱ-s ~ h₂lepeh₁ḱ-és
    - Proto-Hellenic: *alṓpēks ~ *alṓpekos
      - Ancient Greek: ᾰ̓λώπηξ (alṓpēx), ᾰ̓λώπεκος (alṓpekos, gen.sg.)

Unsorted formations

*lúp-eh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: λύπη (lúpē, “pain, grief”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “lopāśá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*loferno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

[EWAia-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “lopāśá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*loferno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 243

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