User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mudráH

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mudráH, of unknown origin; perhaps related to *miθráh (whence Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “contract”), Sogdian 𐼺𐼷𐼹𐽀 (myδr), 𐼺𐼷𐼹𐽀𐼷 (myδry, “seal”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (“covenant, agreement”), also of unknown origin. Cognate with Sanskrit मुद्रा (mudrā).

Noun

*mudráH f

1. seal, stamp
2. (stamped) coin
3. (signet) ring

Derived terms

• Proto-Iranian: *mudrakah (“ring”)
  • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: [Term?] (“silver neck-ring”)
    • Munji: [Term?] (“mulrägi”)
    • Yidgha: [Term?] (“mədrayë”), [Term?] (“məndrayë”)
  • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠mutrāk⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠mudrāk⁠/)

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *muδrā
    • Old Khotanese: [script needed] pl (mūre, “coin; jewel”)
      • Late Khotanese: [script needed] (mura), [script needed] (muri), [script needed] (murai)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: μολρο (molro)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mhr), [script needed] (mhyr)
    • Sogdian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫟𐫡 (mwxr), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr), 𐫖𐫇𐫡 (mwr)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/)

    • ⇒ Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡𐫃 (mwhrg /⁠muhrag⁠/, “(sealed) deed”)

      • → Old Armenian: մուրհակ (murhak)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /⁠muhr⁠/)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (muhr), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mudr)

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ḤTMʾ)

    • Classical Persian: مهر (muhr)
      • Dari: مهر (mühr)
      • Iranian Persian: مهر (mohr)
      • Tajik: мӯҳр (mühr)
      • → Ossetian: мыхуыр (myx°yr, “seal”)
    • ⇒ Middle Persian: (/⁠muhrag⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫡𐫅𐫃 (mwrdg)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwhlk)