User:Victar/Turkic
Proposed tree edit
- Proto-Turkic:
trk-pro- Bulgar:
xbo(Oghur, Southern Turkic)- Danube Bulgar:
xbo-dan - Volga Bulgar:
xbo-vol
- Chuvash:
cv
- Danube Bulgar:
- Common Turkic
trk-cmn-pro
- Bulgar:
- Karakhanid:
xqa/ 🌳 Karluktrk-kar(Eastern Turkic; Uyghur-Uzbek)- Khorezmian Turkic:
zkhxqa-xor
- Chagatai:
chg- Pre-classical Chagatai:
chg-pre - Classical Chagatai:
chg-cls - Post-classical Chagatai:
chg-pos
- Uighur-Ili:
- Ili Turki:
ili - Uyghur:
ug- Central Uighur:
ug-cen - Eastern Uighur:
ug-eas - Southern Uighur:
ug-sou
- Central Uighur:
- Ili Turki:
- Uzbek:
uz- Chimkent-Turkestan:
uz-ckt - Ferghana:
uz-fer - Khorezm:
uz-xor - Surkhandarya:
uz-sur - Tashkent:
uz-tas - Uzbek:
uz-uzb
- Chimkent-Turkestan:
- Pre-classical Chagatai:
- Khorezmian Turkic:
- Khalaj:
klj- Northern Khalaj:
klj-nor - Southern Khalaj:
klj-sou
- Northern Khalaj:
- Kipchak
qwm/ 🌳 Kipchaktrk-kip(Western Turkic)- East Kipchak: (Kyrgyz-Kipchak)
- Southern Altai:
alt- Altai:
alt-alt - Talangit:
alt-tal - Teleut:
alt-tel
- Altai:
- Kyrgyz:
ky
- Southern Altai:
- North Kipchak: (Kipchak-Bulgar; Uralian; Uralo-Caspian)
- Bashkir:
ba- Eastern Bashkir:
ba-eas - Northwestern Bashkir:
ba-nwe - Southern Bashkir:
ba-sou
- Eastern Bashkir:
- Tatar:
tt- Central Tatar:
tt-cen - Western Tatar:
tt-wes
- Central Tatar:
- Siberian Tatar:
sty- Baraba:
sty-bar - Tobol-Irtysh:
sty-tob - Tom:
sty-tom
- Baraba:
- Bashkir:
- South Kipchak: (Aralo-Caspian; Kipchak-Nogai)
- Karakalpak:
kaa- Northeastern Karakalpak:
kaa-nea - Southeastern Karakalpak:
kaa-sea
- Northeastern Karakalpak:
- Kazakh:
kk - Nogai:
nog- Aqnogai:
nog-aqn - Karanogay:
nog-kar - Central Nogai:
nog-cen
- Aqnogai:
- Karakalpak:
- West Kipchak: (Kipchak-Cuman; Ponto-Caspian)
- Crimean Tatar-Krymchak:
- Krymchak:
jct - Crimean Tatar-Urum:
- Crimean Tatar:
crh- Central Crimean Tatar:
crh-cen - Northern Crimean Tatar:
crh-nor - Southern Crimean Tatar:
crh-sou
- Central Crimean Tatar:
- Urum:
uum- North Azovian:
uum-naz - Tsalka:
uum-cal
- North Azovian:
- Crimean Tatar:
- Krymchak:
- Karaim:
kdr- Crimean Karaim:
kdr-cka - Lutsk:
kdr-lut - Trakai:
kdr-tra
- Crimean Karaim:
- Kumyk-Karachay:
- Karachay-Balkar:
krc- Balkar:
krc-bal - Karachay:
krc-kar
- Balkar:
- Kumyk:
kum
- Karachay-Balkar:
- Crimean Tatar-Krymchak:
- East Kipchak: (Kyrgyz-Kipchak)
- Proto-Oghuz:
trk-ogz-pro/ 🌳 Oghuztrk-ogz- Pecheneg:
xpc - Old Anatolian Turkish: (Western Oghuz)
trk-oat- Azerbaijani:
az- Northern Azerbaijani:
azj - Southern Azerbaijani:
azb - Qashqai:
qxq - Salchuq:
slq
- Northern Azerbaijani:
- Gagauz:
gag- Bulgar Gagauzi:
gag-bul - Maritime Gagauzi:
gag-mar
- Bulgar Gagauzi:
- Balkan Gagauz Turkish:
bgx - Ottoman Turkish:
ota- Turkish:
tr
- Turkish:
- Azerbaijani:
- Turkmen-Khorasan (Eastern Oghuz):
- Khorasani Turkish:
kmz - Salar:
slr - Turkmen:
tk
- Khorasani Turkish:
- Pecheneg:
- 🌳 Siberian Turkic
trk-sib(Northern Turkic)- Altai-Yenisei:
- Northern Altai:
atv- Chelkan:
atv-cel - Kumandy:
atv-kum - Tuba:
atv-tub
- Chelkan:
- Yenisei: (Shor-Khakas)
- Khakas:
kjh - Shor:
cjs- Kondoma: Shor:
cjs-kon - Mrassu: Shor:
cjs-mra
- Kondoma: Shor:
- Khakas:
- Northern Altai:
- Chulym:
clw- Lower Chulym:
clw-low - Middle Chulym:
clw-mid - Upper Chulym:
clw-upp
- Lower Chulym:
- Sayan:
trk-say- Tofa:
kim - Tuvan:
tyv
- Tofa:
- Yakut-Dolgan[1]:
trk-ykd(North Siberian)- Dolgan:
dlg - Yakut:
sah
- Dolgan:
- Old Uyghur:
oui- Aynu:
aib - Western Yugur:
ybe
- Aynu:
- Altai-Yenisei:
- Old Turkic:
Further reading edit
- Machine Translation Between Turkic Languages
- Detecting Regular Sound Changes in Linguistics as Events of Concerted Evolution
References edit
- ^ Anderson (1998a) Historical Aspects of Yakut (Saxa) Phonology*, page 24
Generated tree edit
- Proto-Turkic (trk-pro)
- ├───┬ Arghu (klj-arg)
- │ └──── Khalaj (klj)
- ├───┬ Karluk (trk-kar)
- │ ├──── Aynu (aib)
- │ ├──── Ili Turki (ili)
- │ └───┬ Karakhanid (xqa)
- │ └───┬ Khorezmian Turkic (zkh)
- │ └───┬ Chagatai (chg)
- │ ├──── Uyghur (ug)
- │ └──── Uzbek (uz)
- │ └───┬ Chagatai (chg)
- │ └───┬ Khorezmian Turkic (zkh)
- ├──── Khazar (zkz)
- ├───┬ Kipchak (qwm)
- │ ├───┬ Kipchak-Bulgar (trk-kbu)
- │ │ ├──── Bashkir (ba)
- │ │ └──── Tatar (tt)
- │ ├───┬ Kipchak-Cuman (trk-kcu)
- │ │ ├──── Crimean Tatar (crh)
- │ │ ├──── Karachay-Balkar (krc)
- │ │ ├──── Karaim (kdr)
- │ │ ├──── Krymchak (jct)
- │ │ ├──── Kumyk (kum)
- │ │ └──── Urum (uum)
- │ ├───┬ Kipchak-Nogai (trk-kno)
- │ │ ├──── Karakalpak (kaa)
- │ │ ├──── Kazakh (kk)
- │ │ ├──── Nogai (nog)
- │ │ └──── Siberian Tatar (sty)
- │ └───┬ Kyrgyz-Kipchak (trk-kkp)
- │ ├──── Kyrgyz (ky)
- │ └──── Southern Altai (alt)
- │ ├───┬ Kipchak-Bulgar (trk-kbu)
- ├───┬ Oghur (trk-ogr)
- │ └───┬ Bulgar (xbo)
- │ └───┬ Middle Chuvash (cv-mid)
- │ └──── Chuvash (cv)
- │ └───┬ Middle Chuvash (cv-mid)
- │ └───┬ Bulgar (xbo)
- ├───┬ Proto-Oghuz (trk-ogz-pro)
- │ ├───┬ Old Anatolian Turkish (trk-oat)
- │ │ ├──── Azerbaijani (az)
- │ │ ├──── Balkan Gagauz Turkish (bgx)
- │ │ ├──── Gagauz (gag)
- │ │ ├──── Khorasani Turkish (kmz)
- │ │ └───┬ Ottoman Turkish (ota)
- │ │ └──── Turkish (tr)
- │ └──── Turkmen (tk)
- │ ├───┬ Old Anatolian Turkish (trk-oat)
- ├──── Old Turkic (otk)
- ├──── Pecheneg (xpc)
- ├──── Salar (slr)
- ├──── Salchuq (slq)
- └───┬ Siberian Turkic (trk-sib)
- ├───┬ North Siberian Turkic (trk-nsb)
- │ ├──── Dolgan (dlg)
- │ └──── Yakut (sah)
- └───┬ South Siberian Turkic (trk-ssb)
- ├──── Chulym (clw)
- ├──── Dukhan (trk-dkh)
- ├──── Khakas (kjh)
- ├──── Northern Altai (atv)
- ├───┬ Old Uyghur (oui)
- │ └──── Western Yugur (ybe)
- ├──── Shor (cjs)
- ├──── Tofa (kim)
- └──── Tuvan (tyv)
- ├───┬ North Siberian Turkic (trk-nsb)
- ├───┬ Arghu (klj-arg)