adágathar

Old Irish edit

FWOTD – 13 May 2017

Alternative forms edit

ad·ágadar, ad·áigethar

Etymology edit

From ad- + Proto-Celtic *āgītor, originally a perfect-only verb *āgetor (“to have become afraid”) and later adapted to the weak conjugation (class A II). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe (“to be upset, afraid”), from *h₂egʰ-.^[1] Compare Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), 𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ōgan); Old English eġe; Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain, grief”), ἄχνυμαι (ákhnumai, “I grieve”).

That the Old Irish verb was originally an i-stem (A II) verb, is revealed by the older forms with -áig-. It later became an a-stem (A I) with -ág- throughout the paradigm.^[2]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /aðˈaːɣaθar/, /aðˈaːɣaðar/

Verb edit

ad·ágathar (prototonic ·ágathar, verbal noun áigthiu or áigsiu)

to fear, to dread, to stand in awe of
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:adágathar.

Conjugation edit

Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a and s subjunctive, deponent

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.	ad·águr		ad·ágathar, ad·ágadar, ad·áigethar	ad·ágammar	ad·áigetar	ad·áigther
Present indicative	Prot.	·águr, ·ágor		·ágathar, ·áigethar, ·ágether	·ágammar	·ágetar, ·áigetar	·áigther	·áigter

Imperfect indicative	Deut.	ad·ágain, ad·ágainn
Imperfect indicative	Prot.	·ágainn				·áigtis

Preterite	Deut.			ad·ágastar, ad·áigestar, ad·áig	ad·áigsem
Preterite	Prot.			·ágastar, ·áigestar, ·áig		·áigset, ·áigsetar

Perfect	Deut.			ad·ráigestar	ad·ráigsemmar	ad·ráigset, ad·ráigsetar, ad·ráichsetar
Perfect	Prot.			·ráigestar	·ráigsemmar	·ráigset, ·ráigsetar

Future	Deut.	ad·áichfer		ad·áichfethar, ad·áichfedar
Future	Prot.	·áichfer		·áichfethar		·áichfetar

Conditional	Deut.
Conditional	Prot.				·áichfimis

Present subjunctive	Deut.		ad·áigther
Present subjunctive	Prot.		·áigther, ·áigder, ·áigither; ·ágais	·ágathar		·áigset

Past subjunctive	Deut.	ad·ágainn
Past subjunctive	Prot.	·ágainn; ·áigsinn, ·ágsainn		·ágsad			·áigthe

Imperative			áigthe, áig		ágam, ágamar	ágatar

Verbal noun		áigthiu, áigsiu
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Related terms edit

ágasta, áigesta (“to be feared, fearful, dreadful”)
áigsech, áigthech (“terrifying, dreadful”)

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ad·ágathar	unchanged	ad·n-ágathar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*āg-/*āg-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 206
^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 553, page 358