auka
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse auka, from Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Akin to English eke, Danish øge, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan), Latin augeō, Latvian augt.
Verb edit
auka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative jók, third-person plural past indicative juku, supine aukið)
- (transitive, governs the accusative) to increase, to augment
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
auka
- inflection of auki:
Latgalian edit
Noun edit
auka
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Baltic *auk-, from Proto-Indo-European stem *ewk-, *owk-, *ūk-, from an onomatopoeic * ew, *ow with an extra k (common in derivations of onomatopoeic words; cf. Russian у (u) “uh!” and the derived verb укать (ukatʹ)). Cognates include Lithuanian áukterti (“to howl”), Old Prussian aukis (“vulture”) (probably from “noisy, screeming bird,” maybe from “storm bird”), Russian аукать (aukatʹ, “to howl”), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌽 (auhjōn, “to make noise”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Noun edit
auka f (4th declension)
- gale (strong wind that does not reach the level of a storm; also figuratively)
- auka plosās ― the gale is raging
- rudens aukas ― autumn gales
- cīņu aukas ― the gales of struggle
- atvairīdams aukas brāzienus, iegaudojas mežs ― the forest is howling, repelling the gale blows
Declension edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “auka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
aukà f (plural aũkos) stress pattern 4[1]
- sacrifice[1][2]
- offering[1]
- devotion[1]
- victim[1][2]
- (katastrofos) aukų gedėti - to mourn for victims (of a catastrophe)
Declension edit
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | aukà | aũkos |
genitive (kilmininkas) | aukõs | aukų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | aũkai | aukóms |
accusative (galininkas) | aũką | aukàs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | aukà | aukomìs |
locative (vietininkas) | aukojè | aukosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | aũka | aũkos |
Derived terms edit
(Verbs)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
auka
- inflection of auke:
- simple past
- past participle
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse auka, from Proto-Germanic *aukaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
auka (present tense aukar, past tense auka, past participle auka, passive infinitive aukast, present participle aukande, imperative auka/auk)
- (transitive) increase
- Det ville verta streik om ikkje leiinga ikkje auka løna.
- There would be a strike if the leadership did not increase the salary.
- (intransitive) increase
- Underskotet til verksemda hadde auka dei siste åra.
- The deficit of the company had increased in the most recent years.
References edit
- “auka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Cognate with Latin augēo (“I augment”).
Verb edit
auka (singular past indicative jók, plural past indicative jóku or juku, past participle aukinn)
- to augment, increase
- (poetic) to impregnate
- Völundarkviða, verse 36, l. 3-4
- […] nú gengr Böðvildr / barni aukin,
eingadóttir / ykkur beggja.- […] now Bödvildr walks / pregnant with a child,
the only daughter / of you two.
- […] now Bödvildr walks / pregnant with a child,
- Völundarkviða, verse 36, l. 3-4
- (with dative) to add
- to surpass, exceed
- þat er eykr sex aura, þá á konungr hálft þat er eykr
- if it exceeds six ounces, the king takes half the rest
Conjugation edit
infinitive | auka | |
---|---|---|
present participle | aukandi | |
past participle | aukinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | eyk | jók |
2nd-person singular | eykr | jókt |
3rd-person singular | eykr | jók |
1st-person plural | aukum | jókum, jukum |
2nd-person plural | aukið | jókuð, jukuð |
3rd-person plural | auka | jóku, juku |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | auka | ýka, yka |
2nd-person singular | aukir | ýkir, ykir |
3rd-person singular | auki | ýki, yki |
1st-person plural | aukim | ýkim, ykim |
2nd-person plural | aukið | ýkið, ykið |
3rd-person plural | auki | ýki, yki |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | auk | |
1st-person plural | aukum | |
2nd-person plural | aukið |
infinitive | aukask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | aukandisk | |
past participle | aukizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | aukumk | jókumk, jukumk |
2nd-person singular | eyksk | jókzk |
3rd-person singular | eyksk | jóksk |
1st-person plural | aukumsk | jókumsk, jukumsk |
2nd-person plural | aukizk | jókuzk, jukuzk |
3rd-person plural | aukask | jókusk, jukusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | aukumk | ýkumk, ykumk |
2nd-person singular | aukisk | ýkisk, ykisk |
3rd-person singular | aukisk | ýkisk, ykisk |
1st-person plural | aukimsk | ýkimsk, ykimsk |
2nd-person plural | aukizk | ýkizk, ykizk |
3rd-person plural | aukisk | ýkisk, ykisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | auksk | |
1st-person plural | aukumsk | |
2nd-person plural | aukizk |
The verb can also take on the weak class 2 conjugation.
infinitive | auka | |
---|---|---|
present participle | aukandi | |
past participle | aukaðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | auka | aukaða |
2nd-person singular | aukar | aukaðir |
3rd-person singular | aukar | aukaði |
1st-person plural | aukum | aukuðum |
2nd-person plural | aukið | aukuðuð |
3rd-person plural | auka | aukuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | auka | aukaða |
2nd-person singular | aukir | aukaðir |
3rd-person singular | auki | aukaði |
1st-person plural | aukim | aukaðim |
2nd-person plural | aukið | aukaðið |
3rd-person plural | auki | aukaði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | auka | |
1st-person plural | aukum | |
2nd-person plural | aukið |
infinitive | aukask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | aukandisk | |
past participle | aukazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | aukumk | aukuðumk |
2nd-person singular | aukask | aukaðisk |
3rd-person singular | aukask | aukaðisk |
1st-person plural | aukumsk | aukuðumsk |
2nd-person plural | aukizk | aukuðuzk |
3rd-person plural | aukask | aukuðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | aukumk | aukuðumk |
2nd-person singular | aukisk | aukaðisk |
3rd-person singular | aukisk | aukaðisk |
1st-person plural | aukimsk | aukaðimsk |
2nd-person plural | aukizk | aukaðizk |
3rd-person plural | aukisk | aukaðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | aukask | |
1st-person plural | aukumsk | |
2nd-person plural | aukizk |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: auka
- Faroese: eyka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: auka
- → Norwegian Bokmål: auke
- Old Swedish: ø̄ka
- Swedish: öka
- Old Danish: økæ
- Old Gutnish: auka
- Gutnish: aukä
References edit
- auka in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Paipai edit
Interjection edit
auka