bꜣk

Egyptian

FWOTD – 19 May 2021

Pronunciation

 

• (noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʀak/ → /ˈbaːʀak/ → /ˈbaːʔək/ → /ˈβoːʔək/

• (noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʀak/
• (noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʀak/
• (noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʔək/
• (noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈβoːʔək/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɑk/
  • Conventional anglicization: bak

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to work (+ m: on (something); + n: for (someone))
2. (intransitive) to render service
3. (intransitive) to pay taxes
4. (transitive) to produce or improve, to work

Inflection

Conjugation of bꜣk (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bꜣk, geminated stem: bꜣkk

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural bꜣk bꜣkw, bꜣk bꜣkt bꜣk bꜣk ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 bꜣk ḥr bꜣk m bꜣk r bꜣk suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect bꜣk.n bꜣkw, bꜣk consecutive bꜣk.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative bꜣkt perfective3 bꜣk active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 bꜣk.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective bꜣk active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 bꜣk bꜣkk potentialis1 bꜣk.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive bꜣk active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect bꜣk.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective bꜣk active + .tj1, .tw2 bꜣk bꜣk, bꜣkw5, bꜣky5 imperfective bꜣk, bꜣky, bꜣkw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 bꜣk, bꜣkj6, bꜣky6 bꜣk, bꜣkw5 prospective bꜣk, bꜣktj7 — bꜣktj4, bꜣkt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• bꜣkw

Noun

 m

1. (male) servant

Inflection

Declension of bꜣk (masculine)

singular	bꜣk
dual	bꜣkwj
plural	bꜣkw

Derived terms

• bꜣkt
• bꜣk jm

Descendants

• Demotic: (bk)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲕ (bōk)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲕ (bōk)

References

• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 41