Wiktionary

bak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bak"
Languages (31)
Translingual • English
Acehnese • Afrikaans • Albanian • Balinese • Dutch • Faroese • Garo • Haitian Creole • Hokkien • Hungarian • Icelandic • Indonesian • Jamaican Creole • Javanese • Luxembourgish • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Polish • Old Saxon • Phalura • Polish • Sahu • Swedish • Turkish • Tzeltal • Tzotzil • Yola • Zhuang
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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bak

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bashkir.

English

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  This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Etymology 1

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Adverb

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bak (not comparable)

  1. (text messaging) Abbreviation of back.

Etymology 2

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 

From Korean 박 (bak).

Noun

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bak (plural baks)

  1. A wooden clapper used in Korean courts and rituals

See also

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Anagrams

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Acehnese

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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bak

  1. trunk (of a tree)

References

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Dutch bak, from French bac.

Noun

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bak (plural bakke, diminutive bakkie)

  1. covered bowl, basin
  2. tub, vat
  3. boot (UK), trunk (US) of a car
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Dutch bakken, from Middle Dutch backen.

Verb

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bak (present bak, present participle bakkende, past participle gebak)

  1. to bake
  2. to fry

Albanian

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Etymology

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Either a variant of bark, or from Proto-Albanian *bauka, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw (“to blow, swell”), close to Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”), Dutch buik (“belly”), German Bauch (“belly, stomach”), Swedish buk (“belly, abdomen”).

Noun

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bak m (plural baqe, definite baku, definite plural baqet)

  1. belly, stomach

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Balinese

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Romanization

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bak

  1. Romanization of ᬩᬓ᭄

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From French bac.

Noun

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bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)

  1. container, such as a box, a crate, a tray or a tub
    Synonym: krat
  2. (informal, usually in the plural) a large amount, lots
    Het regent bakken met water. ― It's raining lots of water.
  3. (Netherlands) drinking vessel, usually a cup or mug
    Synonyms: kop, mok
  4. (informal, Netherlands, Belgium, Bargoens) the slammer, jail, prison
    Synonyms: bajes, gevang, gevangenis, lik, nor
  5. (colloquial) a vehicle, a car
    Synonyms: auto, kar, wagen, waggie
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: bak
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: baksi
  • Negerhollands: bak
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: bak, baks (archaic)
  • → Caribbean Hindustani: báki
  • → Caribbean Javanese: bak, bag
  • → Indonesian: bak, baki
  • → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
  • → Papiamentu: baki (from the diminutive)
  • → Sranan Tongo: baki
    • → Caribbean Javanese: baki

Etymology 2

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From versnellingsbak, from etymology 1.

Noun

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bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)

  1. Short for versnellingsbak.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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bak m (uncountable)

  1. The act of baking (food).
Derived terms
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Verb

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bak

  1. inflection of bakken:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Etymology 4

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From Middle Dutch *bak, bake, baec (“meat from the back of a pig”), from Old Dutch *bak (“back, rear”), from Proto-Germanic *baką. Cognate with English back, Icelandic bak. Etymologically related to bakboord and achterbaks.

Noun

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bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)

  1. The meat of a pig, pork.
  2. A pig.

Etymology 5

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)

  1. A joke, crack.
Derived terms
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Faroese

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Etymology

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From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Noun

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bak n (genitive singular baks, plural bøk)

  1. back

Declension

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n5 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bak bakið bøk bøkini
accusative bak bakið bøk bøkini
dative baki bakinum bøkum bøkunum
genitive baks baksins baka bakanna

See also

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Garo

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Postposition

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bak

  1. (follows locative case -cha) side, position, in the direction of
  2. part, section

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French barque (“small boat”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak

  1. ferryboat, flat-bottomed boat
  2. tray used by street vendors

References

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  • Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of bak – see 沐 (“to stain”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 沐).

Hungarian

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(1) kecskebak
 
(2) a bakon ül
 
(3) asztalosbak

Etymology

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From German Bock (“buck”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak (plural bakok)

  1. buck (a male goat, or the male of other small ruminants, such as the chamois or roe)
    • 1981, Gyula Viga, “Az állatok, a tartás technikája”, in Népi kecsketartás Magyarországon‎[4]:
      Bakot főként a pásztorok tartottak, általában 40-50 jerkére egyet.
      Bucks were mostly kept by herders, usually one for every 40-50 does.
  2. (historical) box seat, box (driver’s seat on a horse-drawn carriage or cart)
    • 1856, Mór Jókai, “A rém”, in A régi jó táblabírák:
      A kocsis mellett a bakon ült az ispán, akinek jó volt ott is.
      The count was sitting next to the coachman on the box, which suited him just fine.
  3. trestle, sawhorse (support, usually made of wooden beams, with a pair of divergent legs at each end)
    • 2007, István Balogh, “Törökkávé”, in Szilveszter Szilveszter‎[5]:
      Az öreg ladikot fenékkel fölfelé két bakra állítják.
      The old punt is placed bottom up on two trestles.
  4. drawing horse, donkey bench (short bench for art students, with a raised end used to prop up a drawing board)
    • 2010, Katalin Vámosi, “Mazsaroff Miklós életének főbb mozzanatai”, in Mazsaroff Miklós 1929–1997: A természet igézetében‎[6]:
      A mester teraszán rajzoltunk a nemrégiben beszerzett néhány bakon.
      We used to draw on the master’s terrace on a couple of recently acquired drawing horses.
  5. (in set phrases) boost, leg up (cupping one’s hands so as to form a step for someone who is attempting to climb)
    • 2009, László Béres, “Utca így még nem várt karácsonyt”, in Petőfi Népe‎[7], volume 64, number 3:
      Ugyan már, bakot tart, én kimászok, leadom a létrát és mindketten kint vagyunk a gödörből.
      Oh come on, you give me a leg up, I climb out, lower the ladder, and we’re both out of the pit.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bak bakok
accusative bakot bakokat
dative baknak bakoknak
instrumental bakkal bakokkal
causal-final bakért bakokért
translative bakká bakokká
terminative bakig bakokig
essive-formal bakként bakokként
essive-modal — —
inessive bakban bakokban
superessive bakon bakokon
adessive baknál bakoknál
illative bakba bakokba
sublative bakra bakokra
allative bakhoz bakokhoz
elative bakból bakokból
delative bakról bakokról
ablative baktól bakoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		baké bakoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		bakéi bakokéi
Possessive forms of bak
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bakom bakjaim
2nd person sing. bakod bakjaid
3rd person sing. bakja bakjai
1st person plural bakunk bakjaink
2nd person plural bakotok bakjaitok
3rd person plural bakjuk bakjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words
Expressions

Further reading

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  • bak in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • bak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak n (genitive singular baks, nominative plural bök)

  1. (anatomy) back
  2. back, backside

Declension

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Declension of bak (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bak bakið bök bökin
accusative bak bakið bök bökin
dative baki bakinu bökum bökunum
genitive baks baksins baka bakanna

Derived terms

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Indonesian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bak/
  • Hyphenation: bak

Preposition

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bak

  1. preposition to denote comparison
    • kedua anak muda itu wajahnya mirip, bak pinang dibelah dua

Etymology 2

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From Dutch bak (“container, vessel”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bɑk/
  • Hyphenation: bak

Noun

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bak

  1. container
  2. water container

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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From Hokkien 墨 (ba̍k, “ink; Chinese ink”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bak/
  • Hyphenation: bak

Noun

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bak

  1. black Chinese ink

Etymology 4

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Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bak/
  • Hyphenation: bak

Noun

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bak

  1. sound of slapping or punching

Further reading

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Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived from English back.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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bak

  1. back
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 2 Korintiyan 6:12:
      Wi naa uol bak wi lov fi unu bot unu a uol bak fi unu lov fi wi.
      We don't hold back our love for you but you hold back your love for us.

Noun

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bak (plural bak dem, quantified bak)

  1. back (of the body)
    Mi bak de hat mi.
    My back is hurting.

Further reading

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  • bak at majstro.com

Javanese

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Romanization

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bak

  1. Romanization of ꦧꦏ꧀

Luxembourgish

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Verb

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bak

  1. second-person singular imperative of baken

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak (plural bakkes)

  2. The back, hind, or rear of a being's body:
    • c. 1300, Havelok, Havelok the Dane
      Summe putten with gleyue in bac and side, And yeuen wundes longe and wide.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    1. (figurative) What a person or creature carries or takes with themself/itself.
    2. (rare) The parts of a person which aren't visible to themself.
  3. The back, of something more generally; the non-facing side.
  4. The vertebrae or spine; the bone holding up the back.
  5. (rare) The extremities, margin or boundary of something.
  6. (rare) The fur or hide of an animal (removed from an animal)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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See also
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References
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Etymology 2

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From abak.

Alternative forms

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Adverb

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bak

  1. backward
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 3

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A shortening of Old Swedish nattbakka.

Noun

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bak (bakkes)

  1. Alternative form of bakke (“bat”)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Adverb

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bak

  1. at the back, behind
    bak fram - back to front
    for langt bak - too far back / behind

Preposition

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bak

  1. behind
    bak kulissene - behind the scenes

Noun

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bak m (definite singular baken, indefinite plural baker, definite plural bakene)
bak n (definite singular baket, indefinite plural bak, definite plural baka or bakene)

  1. (anatomy) behind, bottom, backside
    et spark bak - a kick in / up the backside (etc.)
  2. back, rear, seat (of trousers)
  3. buttocks
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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bak

  1. imperative of bake

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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bak

  1. at the back, behind
    bak fram - back to front
    for langt bak - too far back / behind

Preposition

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bak

  1. behind
    bak kulissane - behind the scenes

Noun

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bak m (definite singular baken, indefinite plural bakar, definite plural bakane)
bak n (definite singular baket, indefinite plural bak, definite plural baka)

  1. (anatomy) behind, bottom, backside
    eit spark bak - a kick in / up the backside (etc.)
  2. back, rear, seat (of trousers)

Derived terms

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References

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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Deverbal from bakać. First attested in 1448–1450.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /baːk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /bɒk/

Noun

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bak m animacy unattested

  1. (attested in Masovia) shout, yell
    Synonym: bakliwość
    • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 9:
      Paan, sz bakem a s gwalthowym ghelkem przydancz do sandv (dominus cum clamore et violento strepitu ad iudicium veniens), wyną pyancznadzescza ma bicz skaran
      [Pan z bakiem a z gwałtowym giełkiem przydąc do sądu (dominus cum clamore et violento strepitu ad iudicium veniens), winą pięćnadzieścia ma być skaran]
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noun
verbs

References

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  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak n

  1. back (body part)
  2. back (rear part of something)

Declension

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bak (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative bak baku
accusative bak baku
genitive bakes bakō
dative bake bakum
instrumental — —

Descendants

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Phalura

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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bak (Perso-Arabic spelling بک)

  1. Co-lexicalized intensifier

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “bak”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Russian бак (bak), from Dutch bak or German Back or English back.

Noun

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bak m inan

  1. tank (fuel reservoir of a vehicle)
    Hypernym: zbiornik
  2. tank (tankful)
Declension
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Declension of bak
singular plural
nominative bak baki
genitive baku baków
dative bakowi bakom
accusative bak baki
instrumental bakiem bakami
locative baku bakach
vocative baku baki

tankful:

Declension of bak
singular plural
nominative bak baki
genitive baka/baku baków
dative bakowi bakom
accusative bak baki
instrumental bakiem bakami
locative baku bakach
vocative baku baki

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from German Backenbart.

Noun

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bak m inan (diminutive baczek)

  1. sideburn
    Synonyms: baczek, bokobrody, faworyt
Declension
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Declension of bak
singular plural
nominative bak baki
genitive baka/baku baków
dative bakowi bakom
accusative bak baki
instrumental bakiem bakami
locative baku bakach
vocative baku baki

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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bak f

  1. genitive plural of baka

Further reading

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Sahu

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Etymology

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From Dutch bak.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bak

  1. a water-basin

References

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  • Leontine Visser, Clemens Voorhoeve (1987) Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary, Brill

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Swedish baker, from Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką. Related to English back.

Adverb

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bak (not comparable)

  1. behind, at the back
Antonyms
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Preposition

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bak

  1. (dated) behind, 'hind
    när månen döljer sig bak vinrankan
    when the moon hides 'hind the grape vine

Noun

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bak c

  1. behind, ass, butt
Declension
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Declension of bak
nominative genitive
singular indefinite bak baks
definite baken bakens
plural indefinite bakar bakars
definite bakarna bakarnas

Noun

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bak n

  1. baking
    Inget doftar som mors bak.
    Nothing smells like mom's baking.
Declension
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Declension of bak
nominative genitive
singular indefinite bak baks
definite baket bakets
plural indefinite bak baks
definite baken bakens

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Turkish bak.

Verb

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bak (present bak, preterite bak, supine bak, imperative bak)

  1. (slang) Alternative form of bakk

References

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Turkish

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bak

  1. second-person singular imperative of bakmak

Descendants

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Tzeltal

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Noun

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bak

  1. bone

Tzotzil

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Pronunciation

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  • (Zinacantán) IPA(key): /ɓäkʰ/

Noun

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bak

  1. bone

Derived terms

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References

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Yola

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Etymology

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From Middle English bak.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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bak

  1. back
    • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, lines 19[2]:
      A pipere vel bak lik own in a smote,
      The piper fell back like one well smitten,

References

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  1. ^ Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990) “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎[1], volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 154
  2. ^ Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎[2], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133

Zhuang

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Tai *paːkᴰ (“mouth”).[1]

In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ป̄าก.

In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang baeg.

In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Northern Thai ᨸᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Tai Dam ꪜꪱꪀ, Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣᥐᥱ (pǎak).

Compare Southern Kam bags (“mouth”), Proto-Be *ɓaːkᴰ¹ (“mouth”) (whence ɓak⁷ in modern lects).

Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq (whence Cebuano baba, Eastern Cham ꨚꨝꩍ (pabah), Hawaiian vaha).

Noun

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bak (Sawndip forms 咟[2] or 㕷[2] or 北[2] or 𫩡[2] or 拍[2] or 剥[2] or 𠺣[2] or 吧[2], 1957–1982 spelling bak)

  1. mouth
  2. entrance; opening
  3. account of or response to a particular issue
  4. cutting edge of a tool
  5. stitch; distance between stitches

Etymology 2

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From Chinese 百 (MC paek).

In Southewesten Tai, cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Lao ປາກ (pāk), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak).

Numeral

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bak (1957–1982 spelling bak)

  1. hundred

References

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  1. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎[3], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 323
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN
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