Wiktionary

bitumen

See also: Bitumen

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology edit

From Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/
  • (US) IPA(key): /bɪˈtumən/, /bɪˈtjumən/, /baɪˈtumən/
  • Audio (UK)(file)

Noun edit

bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)

  1. A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.
    Synonym: Jew's pitch
    • 2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property)‎[2]:
      You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.
  2. (by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petrolea, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
  3. (Australia, colloquial) Roads sealed with bitumen, as opposed to dirt roads.
  4. (Canada) Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.[1]

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

Verb edit

bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)

  1. To cover or fill with bitumen.
    Synonym: bituminize
    • 1926, Rudyard Kipling, “The Prophet and the Country”, in Debits and Credits, →OCLC, page 155:
      another star reflected itself in the glassy black of the bitumened road
    • 1937, Lady Ethel Stefana Drower, Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, Brill Archive, →LCCN, page 122:
      The Litlata community have now built a mandi set in a pleasant garden, and to ensure the cleanliness of their yardna have bricked and bitumened the pool into which the water flows
    • 1984, Dennis Hancock, Wheels of Progress: History of the Road Transport Industry in Western Australia, 1829-1983‎[3], Access Press, →ISBN, page 145:
      Work is already under way to complete the bitumening of Western Australia's last unsurfaced stretch of Highway One, between Fitzroy Crossing and Hall's Creek.
    • 2013, Janice Cooper, Crossing the Divide: A History of Alpha and Jericho Districts, Boolarong Press, →ISBN, page 176:
      The development of water reticulation occurred in parallel with street work — forming, kerbing, channelling and bitumening.
    (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

See also edit

References edit

  • “bitumen”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
  1. ^ “Archived copy”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[1], 2007 October 20 (last accessed), archived from the original on 20 October 2007

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bitūmen, which later influenced the spelling.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˌbiˈty.mə(n)/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: bi‧tu‧men

Noun edit

bitumen n (plural bitumina)

  1. bitumen, mineral pitch
    Synonyms: aardhars, aardpek, bergteer, jodenlijm

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “bitumen” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Indonesian edit

 
Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology edit

From Dutch bitumen, from Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bitumèn (first-person possessive bitumenku, second-person possessive bitumenmu, third-person possessive bitumennya)

  1. bitumen

Alternative forms edit

Further reading edit

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From *bitu +‎ -men, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”), borrowed from an Osco-Umbrian language, traditionally assumed to be a Celtic one (compare Latin betulla), where the shift of *gʷ to b is regular.[1] The raising of the first vowel might come from the Osco-Umbrian variety, or have been developed in Latin, as occasionally happens after labials; compare firmus, vitulus.[2] Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension

  1. mineral pitch, bitumen

Declension edit

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bitūmen bitūmina
Genitive bitūminis bitūminum
Dative bitūminī bitūminibus
Accusative bitūmen bitūmina
Ablative bitūmine bitūminibus
Vocative bitūmen bitūmina

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Reflexes of an assumed variant *bittūmen:

  • Old Catalan: betum, bitum
  • Franco-Provençal: bèton, blèton, bleton
  • Occitan: betum
  • Old French: betun
    • French: béton (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

References edit

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64–65
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bitūmen, -minis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 72–73

Polish edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /biˈtu.mɛn/
  • Rhymes: -umɛn
  • Syllabification: bi‧tu‧men

Noun edit

bitumen m inan

  1. bitumen, blacktop
    Synonyms: bitum, bitumin

Declension edit

Declension of bitumen
singular plural
nominative bitumen bitumeny
genitive bitumenu bitumenów
dative bitumenowi bitumenom
accusative bitumen bitumeny
instrumental bitumenem bitumenami
locative bitumenie bitumenach
vocative bitumenie bitumeny

Related terms edit

adjectives
nouns
verb

Further reading edit

  • bitumen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bitumen in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from German Bitumen, from Latin bitumen.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /biˈtu.men/, /bi.tuˈmen/

Noun edit

bitumen n (uncountable)

  1. bitumen

Declension edit

declension of bitumen (singular only)
singular
n gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) bitumen bitumenul
genitive/dative (unui) bitumen bitumenului
vocative bitumenule

Further reading edit

Spanish edit

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /biˈtumen/ [biˈt̪u.mẽn]
  • Rhymes: -umen
  • Syllabification: bi‧tu‧men

Noun edit

bitumen m (plural bitúmenes)

  1. bitumen
    Synonym: betún

Further reading edit

Swedish edit

 
Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Noun edit

bitumen n

  1. bitumen

Declension edit

Declension of bitumen 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bitumen bitumen, bitumenet, bituminet bitumen bitumenen
Genitive bitumens bitumens, bitumenets, bituminets bitumens bitumenens

See also edit

References edit

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