rote
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹəʊt/
- (US) IPA(key): /ɹoʊt/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊt
- Homophone: wrote
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English rote (“custom, habit, wont, condition, state”), further origin unknown. Found in the Middle English phrase bi rote (“by heart, according to form, expertly”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship either with Old French rote/rute (“route”), or Latin rota (“wheel”) (see rotary), but the OED calls both suggestions groundless. Another explanation might be the metaphorical comparison between anything repetitive and playing the rote.
Noun edit
rote (uncountable)
- Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.
- The pastoral scenes from those commercials don’t bear too much resemblance to the rote of daily life on a farm.
- He could perform by rote any of his roles in Shakespeare.
Usage notes edit
- Commonly found in the phrase “by rote” and in attributive use: “rote learning”, “rote memorization”, and so on.
- Often used pejoratively in comparison with “deeper” learning that leads to “understanding”.
Synonyms edit
- roteness (uncommon)
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Adjective edit
rote (comparative more rote, superlative most rote)
- By repetition or practice.
- 2000, Ami Klin with Fred R. Volkmar and Sara S. Sparrow, Asperger syndrome, page 316:
- The former may be seen as a more rote form of learning, contrasting with the latter which appears to include "executive" aspects
Verb edit
rote (third-person singular simple present rotes, present participle roting, simple past and past participle roted)
- (obsolete) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate.
- 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92:
- The Model of it was, That a third Part of the Senate or Parliament, ſhould rote out by Ballot every Year; […].
- 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92:
- (transitive) To learn or repeat by rote.
- [Volumnia to Corolianus] "Because that it lies you on to speak/ to th' people, not by your own instruction,/ Nor by th' matter which your heart prompts you,/ But with such words that are but roted in/ your tongue,..." Coriolanus III.ii.52-55
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse rót n (“tossing, pitching (of sea)”), perhaps related to rauta (“to roar”); see hrjóta. Compare Middle English routen (“to roar, bellow, storm, rage, howl”).
Noun edit
rote (uncountable)
Translations edit
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Etymology 3 edit
From Middle English rote, from Old French rote, probably of German origin; compare Middle High German rotte, and English crowd (“a kind of violin”).
Noun edit
rote (plural rotes)
- (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
- 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
- extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes
- Synonym of crowd.
References edit
- “rote”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old French rote, Middle High German rotte.
Noun edit
rote f (plural rotes)
- rote (musical instrument)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
rote
- inflection of roter:
Further reading edit
- “rote”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Gallo edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
rote f (plural rotes)
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rote
- inflection of rot:
Italian edit
Noun edit
rote f
Anagrams edit
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Late Old English rōt, rōte, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. Doublet of wort (“plant”). See more at English root.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- The root (submerged part of a plant):
- 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:
- Whan that Auerill wt his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour […]
- When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]
- A root used as food; a root vegetable or tuber.
- A root employed for supposed curative or medical properties.
- The foundation or base of a protuberance or extension of the body:
- Something which generates, creates, or emanates something:
- The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[1], published c. 1410, Tymothe ·i· 6:10, page 84r; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- foꝛ þe roote of alle yuelis is coueitiſe / whiche ſummen coueitynge .· erriden fro þe feiþ. / ⁊ biſettiden hem wiþ manye ſoꝛewis
- And the root of all wrongs is covetousness, which some yearned for and strayed from the faith; they've unleashed many sorrows upon themselves.
- A wellspring or exemplar of an abstract quality that which something comes from.
- The offspring of a certain individual or nation as a progenitor; a lineage or descent.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[2], published c. 1410, Apocalips 5:5, page 119r; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- ⁊ oon of the eldere men ſeide to me / wepe þou not / lo! a lioun of the lynage of iuda .· þe roote of dauiþ haþ ouercomen to opene þe book · ⁊ to vndoon þe ſeuene ſeelis of it
- And one of the elders said to me: "Don't weep. Look, a lion of the people of Judah and the stock of David has arrived to open the book and undo its seven seals."
- The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
- The foundation of a tall structure (e.g. a trunk, pole, turret)
- The (or a key) foundational or core condition, essence or portion of something.
- One who descends from another; a member of an individual's lineage or stock.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)[3], published c. 1410, Apocalips 22:16, page 118v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- I iheſus ſente min aungel to witneſſe. to ȝou þeſe þingis in chirchis I am þe roote ⁊ þe kyn of Dauid .· ⁊ þe ſchynynge moꝛewe ſterre
- "I, Jesus, sent my angel to deliver all of you these things in churches. I'm the scion and descendant of David and (I'm) the shining morning star."
- The base of a peak or mount; the beginning of an elevation.
- A protuberance resembling or functioning like a root.
- The most inner, central, or deepest part of something.
- (rare, astronomy) Data used for astronomical purposes.
- (rare, mathematics) A mathematical root.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “rọ̄te, n.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-23.
Etymology 2 edit
Unknown. Sometimes connected to Old French route (“route”) or Latin rota (“wheel”), but OED rejects both comparisons.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rote (uncountable)
- Traditional, customary, usual, or habitual behaviour or procedure.
Descendants edit
- English: rote
References edit
- “rōte, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Old French rote, from Latin chrotta, borrowed from a Germanic form such as Old High German hruoza, borrowed itself from a Celtic term deriving from Proto-Celtic *kruttos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of crowde.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rote (plural rotys)
- A musical instrument having strings and similar to a harp.
Descendants edit
References edit
- “rōte, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.
Etymology 4 edit
Verb edit
rote
- Alternative form of roten (“to rot”)
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
rote
- Alternative form of roten (“to root”)
Etymology 6 edit
Adjective edit
rote
- Alternative form of roten (“rotten”)
Etymology 7 edit
Noun edit
rote
- Alternative form of rot
Neapolitan edit
Noun edit
rote
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rote (present tense roter, past tense rota or rotet, past participle rota or rotet)
- to untidy, to make a mess
- (slang) to fool around (engage in casual or flirtatious sexual acts)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “rote” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
- rota (a-infinitive)
Verb edit
rote (present tense rotar, past tense rota, past participle rota, passive infinitive rotast, present participle rotande, imperative rote/rot)
- to untidy
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
- ròte (alternative spelling)
Noun edit
rote m (definite singular roten, indefinite plural rotar, definite plural rotane)
Related terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse roti, from Middle Low German rote from Old French rote, from Medieval Latin rota, rotta, ruta, rutta (“a rout”).
Noun edit
rote f (definite singular rota, indefinite plural roter or rotor, definite plural rotene or rotone)
References edit
- “rote” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Of Celtic origin, from Welsh crwth.
Noun edit
rote oblique singular, f (oblique plural rotes, nominative singular rote, nominative plural rotes)
- rote (musical instrument)
Descendants edit
Portuguese edit
Verb edit
rote
- inflection of rotar:
Spanish edit
Verb edit
rote
- inflection of rotar:
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Old Swedish rote, from Middle French route, roupte (“disorderly flight of troops”), literally "a breaking off, rupture," from Vulgar Latin *rupta (“a dispersed group”), literally "a broken group," from Latin rupta. Related to English rout.
Noun edit
rote c
- a district (of a parish or town, for the purpose of fire fighting, road maintenance, mail forwarding, social care, etc.)
- a file, a section, a squad, a pair (of soldiers, of aircraft)
- 20 rotar
- twenty file
- med utryckta rotar
- four deep
- indelning av rotar!
- squad-number!
- 20 rotar
Declension edit
Declension of rote | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | rote | roten | rotar | rotarna |
Genitive | rotes | rotens | rotars | rotarnas |
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- rote in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- rote in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- rote in Walter E. Harlock, Svensk-engelsk ordbok : skolupplaga (1964)