china
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- China (generally dated)
- (dialectal): chiney, cheny, cheney, chenea, chainy, chaney, chany, chaynee, chayney, cheenie, cheeny, chainé
EtymologyEdit
From clippings of attributive use of China, q.v., the country in East Asia. In reference to porcelain and porcelain objects, via clipping of china-ware and via this sense of Persian چین (chīnī) in Persia and India, which influenced the pronunciation (see below). In reference to medicine, via clipping of China root. In reference to flowers, via clipping of China rose. In reference to tea, via clipping of China tea. In Cockney slang, a clipping of china plate as a rhyme of mate (“friend”). In reference to drum cymbals, a clipping of China cymbal and as a genericization of a kind of Zildjian-brand cymbal.
PronunciationEdit
- (UK, US) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - (obsolete) IPA(key): /ˈtʃeɪnɪ/, /ˈtʃiːnɪ/
- Rhymes: -aɪnə
NounEdit
china (countable and uncountable, plural chinas)
- (uncountable) Synonym of porcelain, a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china.
- It's a china doll.
- (uncountable) Chinaware: porcelain tableware.
- 1634, Thomas Herbert, A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, p. 41:
- They sell Callicoes, Cheney Sattin, Cheney ware.
- 1653, Henry Cogan translating Fernão Mendes Pinto as The Voyages and Adventures of Fernand Mendez Pinto, p. 206:
- ...a Present of certain very rich Pieces of China.
- He set the table with china, cloth napkins, and crystal stemware.
- The traditional 20th anniversary gift is china.
- 1634, Thomas Herbert, A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, p. 41:
- (uncountable, chiefly US, dated) Cheaper and lower-quality ceramic and ceramic tableware, distinguished from porcelain.
- 1921 May 11, "Edison Questions Stir Up a Storm", New York Times:
- What is porcelain? A fine earthenware differing from china in being harder, whiter, harder to fuse and more translucent than ordinary pottery.
- 1921 May 11, "Edison Questions Stir Up a Storm", New York Times:
- (uncountable) Synonym of China root, the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine.
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:
- China, saith Manardus, makes a good colour in the face, takes away melancholy, and all infirmities proceeding from cold […].
- (uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of cheyney: worsted or woolen stuff.
- 1790, Alexander Wilson, Poems, p. 55:
- ...And then the last boon I'll implore,
Is to bless us with China so tight...
- ...And then the last boon I'll implore,
- 1790, Alexander Wilson, Poems, p. 55:
- (countable) Synonym of China rose, in its various senses.
- 1844, Jane Loudon, The Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden, 3rd ed., p. 344:
- Rosa indica (the common China); Rosa semperflorens (the monthly China).
- 1844, Jane Loudon, The Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden, 3rd ed., p. 344:
- (countable, Cockney rhyming slang, Australia, South Africa) Synonym of friend.
- 1880, Daniel William Barrett, Life and Work among the Navvies, 2nd ed., p. 41:
- ‘Now, then, my china-plate...’ This is essentially a brick~layer's phrase. If for ‘china-plate’ you substitute ‘mate’,... the puzzle is revealed.
- 1925, Edward Fraser & al., Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, p. 53:
- China, or Old China: chum.
- All right, me old china?
- 1880, Daniel William Barrett, Life and Work among the Navvies, 2nd ed., p. 41:
- (uncountable, dated) Tea from China, (particularly) varieties cured by smoking or opposed to Indian cultivars.
- 1907, Yesterday's Shopping, p. 1:
- Tea... Finest China, Plain (Moning).
- 1907, Yesterday's Shopping, p. 1:
- (countable, games, chiefly US, obsolete) A glazed china marble.
- 1932 March, Dan Beard, "New-Fashioned Kites and Old-Fashioned Marbles", Boys' Life, p. 27:
- The marbles, in those days, had their primitive names. The unglazed china ones were called plasters because they looked like plaster; the glazed china marbles were called chinas. I remember how charming were the partly colored lines which encircled them.
- 1932 March, Dan Beard, "New-Fashioned Kites and Old-Fashioned Marbles", Boys' Life, p. 27:
- (countable, music) A kind of drum cymbal approximating a Chinese style of cymbal, but usually with Turkish influences.
- 2010, Carmine Appice, Drums for Everyone, p. 78:
- China cymbals are a type of short sound cymbal. [Brand X] makes chinas with really short sounds.
- 2010, Carmine Appice, Drums for Everyone, p. 78:
Derived termsEdit
- bone china, bull in a china shop, china-blue, china-closet, china doll, china eye, china-fancier, china-glaze, china-house, china-hunter, china-like, china mark, china money, china-oven, china-painting, china-paints, china-shell, china-shop, china-stone, china-tipper, china token, china wedding, china blue, china clay, china marker, china pencil
TranslationsEdit
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ReferencesEdit
- “China, n.¹ and adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1889.
- “china”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
AnagramsEdit
AsturianEdit
AdjectiveEdit
china
Franco-ProvençalEdit
NounEdit
china f
Coordinate termsEdit
FrenchEdit
VerbEdit
china
- third-person singular past historic of chiner
AnagramsEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
AdjectiveEdit
china f sg
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
china f (plural chine)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Borrowed from Spanish quina, quinaquina, from Quechua.
NounEdit
china f (plural chine)
- cinchona (tree)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
From Portuguese China, namely "ink of China".
NounEdit
china f (plural chine)
Etymology 5Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
china
- inflection of chinare:
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
china
KalashaEdit
AdjectiveEdit
china
- Alternative spelling of čhína
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Spanish china, from Quechua china (“female”).
NounEdit
china f (plural chinas)
- (Rio Grande do Sul) a woman, especially one of Native American descent
Etymology 2Edit
From China.
NounEdit
china m or f by sense (plural chinas)
QuechuaEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
china
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | china | chinakuna |
accusative | chinata | chinakunata |
dative | chinaman | chinakunaman |
genitive | chinap | chinakunap |
locative | chinapi | chinakunapi |
terminative | chinakama | chinakunakama |
ablative | chinamanta | chinakunamanta |
instrumental | chinawan | chinakunawan |
comitative | chinantin | chinakunantin |
abessive | chinannaq | chinakunannaq |
comparative | chinahina | chinakunahina |
causative | chinarayku | chinakunarayku |
benefactive | chinapaq | chinakunapaq |
associative | chinapura | chinakunapura |
distributive | chinanka | chinakunanka |
exclusive | chinalla | chinakunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinay | chinaykuna |
accusative | chinayta | chinaykunata |
dative | chinayman | chinaykunaman |
genitive | chinaypa | chinaykunap |
locative | chinaypi | chinaykunapi |
terminative | chinaykama | chinaykunakama |
ablative | chinaymanta | chinaykunamanta |
instrumental | chinaywan | chinaykunawan |
comitative | chinaynintin | chinaykunantin |
abessive | chinayninnaq | chinaykunannaq |
comparative | chinayhina | chinaykunahina |
causative | chinayrayku | chinaykunarayku |
benefactive | chinaypaq | chinaykunapaq |
associative | chinaypura | chinaykunapura |
distributive | chinayninka | chinaykunanka |
exclusive | chinaylla | chinaykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinayki | chinaykikuna |
accusative | chinaykita | chinaykikunata |
dative | chinaykiman | chinaykikunaman |
genitive | chinaykipa | chinaykikunap |
locative | chinaykipi | chinaykikunapi |
terminative | chinaykikama | chinaykikunakama |
ablative | chinaykimanta | chinaykikunamanta |
instrumental | chinaykiwan | chinaykikunawan |
comitative | chinaykintin | chinaykikunantin |
abessive | chinaykinnaq | chinaykikunannaq |
comparative | chinaykihina | chinaykikunahina |
causative | chinaykirayku | chinaykikunarayku |
benefactive | chinaykipaq | chinaykikunapaq |
associative | chinaykipura | chinaykikunapura |
distributive | chinaykinka | chinaykikunanka |
exclusive | chinaykilla | chinaykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinan | chinankuna |
accusative | chinanta | chinankunata |
dative | chinanman | chinankunaman |
genitive | chinanpa | chinankunap |
locative | chinanpi | chinankunapi |
terminative | chinankama | chinankunakama |
ablative | chinanmanta | chinankunamanta |
instrumental | chinanwan | chinankunawan |
comitative | chinanintin | chinankunantin |
abessive | chinanninnaq | chinankunannaq |
comparative | chinanhina | chinankunahina |
causative | chinanrayku | chinankunarayku |
benefactive | chinanpaq | chinankunapaq |
associative | chinanpura | chinankunapura |
distributive | chinaninka | chinankunanka |
exclusive | chinanlla | chinankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinanchik | chinanchikkuna |
accusative | chinanchikta | chinanchikkunata |
dative | chinanchikman | chinanchikkunaman |
genitive | chinanchikpa | chinanchikkunap |
locative | chinanchikpi | chinanchikkunapi |
terminative | chinanchikkama | chinanchikkunakama |
ablative | chinanchikmanta | chinanchikkunamanta |
instrumental | chinanchikwan | chinanchikkunawan |
comitative | chinanchiknintin | chinanchikkunantin |
abessive | chinanchikninnaq | chinanchikkunannaq |
comparative | chinanchikhina | chinanchikkunahina |
causative | chinanchikrayku | chinanchikkunarayku |
benefactive | chinanchikpaq | chinanchikkunapaq |
associative | chinanchikpura | chinanchikkunapura |
distributive | chinanchikninka | chinanchikkunanka |
exclusive | chinanchiklla | chinanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinayku | chinaykukuna |
accusative | chinaykuta | chinaykukunata |
dative | chinaykuman | chinaykukunaman |
genitive | chinaykupa | chinaykukunap |
locative | chinaykupi | chinaykukunapi |
terminative | chinaykukama | chinaykukunakama |
ablative | chinaykumanta | chinaykukunamanta |
instrumental | chinaykuwan | chinaykukunawan |
comitative | chinaykuntin | chinaykukunantin |
abessive | chinaykunnaq | chinaykukunannaq |
comparative | chinaykuhina | chinaykukunahina |
causative | chinaykurayku | chinaykukunarayku |
benefactive | chinaykupaq | chinaykukunapaq |
associative | chinaykupura | chinaykukunapura |
distributive | chinaykunka | chinaykukunanka |
exclusive | chinaykulla | chinaykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinaykichik | chinaykichikkuna |
accusative | chinaykichikta | chinaykichikkunata |
dative | chinaykichikman | chinaykichikkunaman |
genitive | chinaykichikpa | chinaykichikkunap |
locative | chinaykichikpi | chinaykichikkunapi |
terminative | chinaykichikkama | chinaykichikkunakama |
ablative | chinaykichikmanta | chinaykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | chinaykichikwan | chinaykichikkunawan |
comitative | chinaykichiknintin | chinaykichikkunantin |
abessive | chinaykichikninnaq | chinaykichikkunannaq |
comparative | chinaykichikhina | chinaykichikkunahina |
causative | chinaykichikrayku | chinaykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | chinaykichikpaq | chinaykichikkunapaq |
associative | chinaykichikpura | chinaykichikkunapura |
distributive | chinaykichikninka | chinaykichikkunanka |
exclusive | chinaykichiklla | chinaykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | chinanku | chinankukuna |
accusative | chinankuta | chinankukunata |
dative | chinankuman | chinankukunaman |
genitive | chinankupa | chinankukunap |
locative | chinankupi | chinankukunapi |
terminative | chinankukama | chinankukunakama |
ablative | chinankumanta | chinankukunamanta |
instrumental | chinankuwan | chinankukunawan |
comitative | chinankuntin | chinankukunantin |
abessive | chinankunnaq | chinankukunannaq |
comparative | chinankuhina | chinankukunahina |
causative | chinankurayku | chinankukunarayku |
benefactive | chinankupaq | chinankukunapaq |
associative | chinankupura | chinankukunapura |
distributive | chinankunka | chinankukunanka |
exclusive | chinankulla | chinankukunalla |
ReferencesEdit
- “china” in Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua (2006) Diccionario quechua-español-quechua, 2nd edition, Cusco: Edmundo Pantigozo.
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the infantile/nursery word chin, a children's guessing game.[1][2]
NounEdit
china f (plural chinas)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
china f (plural chinas)
- female equivalent of chino (“Chinese man”)
AdjectiveEdit
china
Etymology 3Edit
Borrowed from Quechua china (“female”).
NounEdit
china f (plural chinas)
- (derogatory, South America) female servant in a hacienda
- (Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua) babysitter
- Synonym: niñera
Etymology 4Edit
Allusion to the orange fruit's Asian origin (as in sinensis in Citrus sinensis).
NounEdit
china f (plural chinas)
- (Puerto Rico) orange (fruit)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “china”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
Further readingEdit
- “china”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014