closed

Contents

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kloʊzd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kləʊzd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊzd

Adjective

closed (not comparable)

1. Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
2. (of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade.
3. Not public.

   closed source

   a closed committee

4. (topology, of a set) Having an open complement.
5. (mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.

   The set of integers is closed under addition: $\forall x,y\in \mathbb {Z} \,x+y\in \mathbb {Z}$.

6. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Lacking a free variable.
7. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.

Synonyms

• shut

Antonyms

• (also phonetics (of vowels, syllables)): open

Translations

not open

• Albanian: mbyllur (sq)
• Arabic: مُغْلَق‎ (muḡlaq)
• Armenian: փակ (hy) (pʿak)
• Aromanian: ncljis
• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq), ябылған (yabïlğan)
• Belarusian: зачы́нены m (začýnjeny), закры́ты m (zakrýty)
• Bulgarian: затворен (bg) (zatvoren)
• Catalan: tancat (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 關着 (zh), 关着 (zh) (guānzhe)

• Czech: zavřený (cs)
• Dutch: gesloten (nl), dicht (nl), afgesloten (nl), toe (nl)
• Esperanto: fermita, ferma (eo)
• Estonian: suletud, kinnine
• Finnish: suljettu (fi), kiinni (fi)
• French: fermé (fr)
• Friulian: sierât
• Georgian: დაკეტილი (daḳeṭili)
• German: geschlossen (de)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Hindi: बंद (hi) (band)|tr=band
• Hungarian: zárt (hu), zárva (hu)
• Irish: dúnta, druidte, iata
• Italian: chiuso (it)
• Japanese: (of a shop) 準備中 (じゅんびちゅう, junbichū), 閉められた (ja) (しめられた, shimerareta)
• Korean: 닫은 (ko) (dadeun)
• Lao: ປິດ (pit)
• Latin: clausus
• Macedonian: затворен (zatvoren)

• Mongolian: хаалттай (haalttaj)
• Nepali: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: freunmé (Jersey)
• Norwegian: lukket (no)
• Occitan: claus (oc), tancat, enclaus (oc)
• Persian: بسته‎ (fa) (baste)
• Pitjantjatjara: pati
• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Russian: закры́тый (ru) (zakrýtyj), за́мкнутый (ru) (zámknutyj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: за̀творен

  Roman: zàtvoren (sh)

• Sicilian: chiusu
• Slovak: zatvorený
• Slovene: zaprt (sl)
• Spanish: cerrado (es)
• Swedish: stängd (sv), sluten (sv)
• Thai: ปิด (th) (bpìt)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Tok Pisin: pas
• Ukrainian: зачи́нений m (začýnenyj), закри́тий m (zakrýtyj), за́мкнений m (zámknenyj)
• Urdu: بند‎ (band)
• Venetian: serà, sarà
• Vietnamese: đóng (vi)
• White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

not operating or conducting trade

• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Czech: zavřený (cs)
• Finnish: suljettu (fi), kiinni (fi)
• German: zu (de)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Hungarian: zárva (hu)
• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} 準備中

• Korean: please add this translation if you can
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: بسته‎ (fa) (baste), تعطیل‎ (fa) (ta'til)
• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Thai: ปิด (th) (bpìt)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

not public

• Armenian: փակ (hy) (pʿak)
• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq)
• Bulgarian: ограничен (bg) (ograničen)
• Dutch: gesloten (nl)
• Estonian: salajane
• Finnish: salainen (fi)
• French: privé (fr), fermé (fr)

• German: nicht (de) öffentlich (de) (of people or software); geschlossen (de) (used with groups of people only)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Occitan: privat, tancat
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: privat (ro) m
• Russian: закры́тый (ru) (zakrýtyj), ограни́ченный (ru) (ograníčennyj)
• Swedish: sluten (sv)

having an open complement

• Finnish: suljettu (fi)
• Occitan: claus (oc)

• Polish: domknięty m

in mathematics, such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it

• Czech: uzavřený (cs) m
• Finnish: suljettu (fi)
• Icelandic: lokaður m

• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Russian: за́мкнутый (ru) (zámknutyj)

lacking a free variable

• Czech: uzavřený (cs) m
• Finnish: suljettu (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked‌: "in mathematics"

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} gesloten (nl) (topology), ^{(please verify)} inwendig (nl) (algebra)
• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} kinnine
• French: ^{(please verify)} fermé (fr)

• German: ^{(please verify)} abgeschlossen (de)
• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} sluten (sv)

See also

• close

Verb

closed

1. simple past tense and past participle of close

Anagrams

• Dolces, codels, codles, dolces

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈklɔsɛd/

Noun

closed m (plural closedau)

1. Alternative form of closet

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
closed	glosed	nghlosed	chlosed
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.