closed

Contents

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kloʊzd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kləʊzd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊzd

Adjective

closed (not comparable)

1. Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
2. (of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade.
3. Not public.

   closed source

   a closed committee

4. (topology, of a set) Having an open complement.
5. (mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.

   The set of integers is closed under addition: $\forall x,y\in \mathbb {Z} \,x+y\in \mathbb {Z}$.

6. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Lacking a free variable.
7. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.

Synonyms

• shut

Antonyms

• (also phonetics (of vowels, syllables)): open

Translations

not open

• Albanian: mbyllur (sq)
• Arabic: مُغْلَق‎ (muḡlaq)
• Armenian: փակ (hy) (pʿak)
• Aromanian: ncljis
• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq), ябылған (yabïlğan)
• Belarusian: зачы́нены m (začýnjeny), закры́ты m (zakrýty)
• Bulgarian: затворен (bg) (zatvoren)
• Catalan: tancat (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 關着 (zh), 关着 (zh) (guānzhe)

• Czech: zavřený (cs)
• Dutch: gesloten (nl), dicht (nl), afgesloten (nl), toe (nl)
• Esperanto: fermita, ferma
• Estonian: suletud, kinnine
• Finnish: suljettu (fi), kiinni (fi)
• French: fermé (fr)
• Friulian: sierât
• Georgian: დაკეტილი (daḳeṭili)
• German: geschlossen (de)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Hindi: बंद (hi) (band)
• Hungarian: zárt (hu), zárva (hu)
• Italian: chiuso (it)
• Japanese: (of a shop) 準備中 (じゅんびちゅう, junbichū), 閉められた (ja) (しめられた, shimerareta)
• Korean: 닫은 (ko) (dadeun)
• Lao: ປິດ (pit)
• Latin: clausus
• Macedonian: затворен (zatvoren)
• Mongolian: хаалттай (haalttaj)

• Nepali: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: freunmé
• Norwegian: lukket
• Occitan: claus (oc), tancat, enclaus (oc)
• Persian: بسته‎ (fa) (baste)
• Pitjantjatjara: pati
• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Russian: закры́тый (ru) (zakrýtyj), за́мкнутый (ru) (zámknutyj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: затворен

  Roman: zatvoren (sh)

• Sicilian: chiusu
• Slovak: zatvorený
• Slovene: zaprt (sl)
• Spanish: cerrado (es)
• Swedish: stängd (sv), sluten (sv)
• Thai: ปิด (th) (bpìt)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Tok Pisin: pas
• Ukrainian: зачи́нений m (začýnenyj), закри́тий m (zakrýtyj), за́мкнений m (zámknenyj)
• Urdu: بند‎ (band)
• Venetian: serà, sarà
• Vietnamese: đóng (vi)
• White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

not operating or conducting trade

• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Czech: zavřený (cs)
• Finnish: suljettu (fi), kiinni (fi)
• German: zu (de)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Hungarian: zárva (hu)
• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} 準備中

• Korean: please add this translation if you can
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: بسته‎ (fa) (baste), تعطیل‎ (fa) (ta'til)
• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Thai: ปิด (th) (bpìt)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

not public

• Armenian: փակ (hy) (pʿak)
• Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabïq)
• Bulgarian: ограничен (bg) (ograničen)
• Dutch: gesloten (nl)
• Estonian: salajane
• Finnish: salainen (fi)
• French: privé (fr), fermé (fr)

• German: nicht (de) öffentlich (de) (of people or software); geschlossen (de) (used with groups of people only)
• Hebrew: סגור‎ m (sagúr), סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Occitan: privat, tancat
• Portuguese: fechado (pt)
• Romanian: privat (ro) m
• Russian: закры́тый (ru) (zakrýtyj), ограни́ченный (ru) (ograníčennyj)
• Swedish: sluten (sv)

having an open complement

• Finnish: suljettu (fi)
• Occitan: claus (oc)

• Polish: domknięty m

in mathematics, such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it

• Czech: uzavřený (cs) m
• Finnish: suljettu (fi)
• Icelandic: lokaður m

• Polish: zamknięty (pl) m
• Romanian: închis (ro)
• Russian: за́мкнутый (ru) (zámknutyj)

lacking a free variable

• Czech: uzavřený (cs) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked‌: "in mathematics"

• Dutch: gesloten (topology), inwendig (algebra)
• Estonian: kinnine
• Finnish: suljettu (fi)
• French: fermé (fr)

• German: abgeschlossen (de)
• Hebrew: סגורה‎ f (sgurá)
• Swedish: sluten (sv)

See also

• close

Verb

closed

1. simple past tense and past participle of close

Anagrams

• Dolces, codels, codles, dolces

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈklɔsɛd/

Noun

closed m (plural closedau)

1. Alternative form of closet

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
closed	glosed	nghlosed	chlosed
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.