confundo

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From con- (“with, together”) +‎ fundō (“pour”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.doː/, [kõːˈfʊn̪d̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.do/, [koɱˈfun̪d̪o]

Verb edit

cōnfundō (present infinitive cōnfundere, perfect active cōnfūdī, supine cōnfūsum); third conjugation

to pour, mingle, stir up
Synonyms: fundō, effundō, diffundō, perfundō, dēfundō, indūcō, sternō, dissipō
to diffuse, suffuse, spread over
Synonyms: effundō, fundō, sternō, differō, dissipō
(figuratively) to unite, mix together, join, combine, mingle
Synonyms: misceō, commisceō
(figuratively) to confound, confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder; disconcert, perplex

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of cōnfundō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfundō	cōnfundis	cōnfundit	cōnfundimus	cōnfunditis	cōnfundunt
	imperfect	cōnfundēbam	cōnfundēbās	cōnfundēbat	cōnfundēbāmus	cōnfundēbātis	cōnfundēbant
	future	cōnfundam	cōnfundēs	cōnfundet	cōnfundēmus	cōnfundētis	cōnfundent
	perfect	cōnfūdī	cōnfūdistī	cōnfūdit	cōnfūdimus	cōnfūdistis	cōnfūdērunt, cōnfūdēre
	pluperfect	cōnfūderam	cōnfūderās	cōnfūderat	cōnfūderāmus	cōnfūderātis	cōnfūderant
	future perfect	cōnfūderō	cōnfūderis	cōnfūderit	cōnfūderimus	cōnfūderitis	cōnfūderint
passive	present	cōnfundor	cōnfunderis, cōnfundere	cōnfunditur	cōnfundimur	cōnfundiminī	cōnfunduntur
	imperfect	cōnfundēbar	cōnfundēbāris, cōnfundēbāre	cōnfundēbātur	cōnfundēbāmur	cōnfundēbāminī	cōnfundēbantur
	future	cōnfundar	cōnfundēris, cōnfundēre	cōnfundētur	cōnfundēmur	cōnfundēminī	cōnfundentur
	perfect	cōnfūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnfūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfundam	cōnfundās	cōnfundat	cōnfundāmus	cōnfundātis	cōnfundant
	imperfect	cōnfunderem	cōnfunderēs	cōnfunderet	cōnfunderēmus	cōnfunderētis	cōnfunderent
	perfect	cōnfūderim	cōnfūderīs	cōnfūderit	cōnfūderīmus	cōnfūderītis	cōnfūderint
	pluperfect	cōnfūdissem	cōnfūdissēs	cōnfūdisset	cōnfūdissēmus	cōnfūdissētis	cōnfūdissent
passive	present	cōnfundar	cōnfundāris, cōnfundāre	cōnfundātur	cōnfundāmur	cōnfundāminī	cōnfundantur
	imperfect	cōnfunderer	cōnfunderēris, cōnfunderēre	cōnfunderētur	cōnfunderēmur	cōnfunderēminī	cōnfunderentur
	perfect	cōnfūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cōnfunde	—	—	cōnfundite	—
active	future	—	cōnfunditō	cōnfunditō	—	cōnfunditōte	cōnfunduntō
passive	present	—	cōnfundere	—	—	cōnfundiminī	—
passive	future	—	cōnfunditor	cōnfunditor	—	—	cōnfunduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cōnfundere	cōnfūdisse	cōnfūsūrum esse	cōnfundī	cōnfūsum esse	cōnfūsum īrī
participles		cōnfundēns	—	cōnfūsūrus	—	cōnfūsus	cōnfundendus, cōnfundundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cōnfundendī	cōnfundendō	cōnfundendum	cōnfundendō	cōnfūsum	cōnfūsū

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Catalan: confondre
Italian: confondere
Romanian: cufunda
Old French: confondre, confundre
- French: confondre
- → English: confound
Old Occitan: cofondre, confondre
- Occitan: confondre
Old Spanish: cohonder
Sicilian: cunfùnniri
→ English: confuse
→ Portuguese: confundir
→ Romanian: confunda
→ Spanish: confundir

References edit

“confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
confundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
- to upset the whole constitution: omnes leges confundere

Portuguese edit

Verb edit

confundo

first-person singular present indicative of confundir

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /konˈfundo/ [kõɱˈfũn̪.d̪o]
Rhymes: -undo
Syllabification: con‧fun‧do

Verb edit

confundo

first-person singular present indicative of confundir