crith

See also: críth

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: krĭth, IPA^(key): /kɹɪθ/
• Rhymes: -ɪθ

Noun

crith (plural criths)

1. (physics) the weight of 1 litre of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. Equal to approximately 0.09 grams.

Anagrams

• Ritch, trich

Irish

Alternative forms

• crioth

Etymology

From Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cɾʲɪ(h)/, /cɾʲɪç/
• (Kerry) IPA^(key): /cɾʲɨ̞h/

Noun

crith m (genitive singular creatha, nominative plural creathanna)

1. a shake, quiver, tremble
2. verbal noun of crith

Declension

Declension of crith

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative crith creathanna Vocative a chrith a chreathanna Genitive creatha creathanna Dative crith creathanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an crith na creathanna Genitive an chreatha na gcreathanna Dative leis an gcrith don chrith leis na creathanna

Verb

crith (present analytic critheann, future analytic crithfidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crite)

1. to shake, quiver, tremble

Conjugation

conjugation of crith (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	crithim	critheann tú; crithir†	critheann sé, sí	crithimid	critheann sibh	critheann siad; crithid†	a chritheann; a chritheas / a gcritheann*; a gcritheas*	critear
	past	chrith mé; chritheas	chrith tú; chrithis	chrith sé, sí	chritheamar; chrith muid	chrith sibh; chritheabhair	chrith siad; chritheadar	a chrith / ar chrith*	critheadh
	past habitual	chrithinn / gcrithinn‡‡	chriteá / gcriteᇇ	chritheadh sé, sí / gcritheadh sé, s퇇	chrithimis; chritheadh muid / gcrithimis‡‡; gcritheadh muid‡‡	chritheadh sibh / gcritheadh sibh‡‡	chrithidís; chritheadh siad / gcrithidís‡‡; gcritheadh siad‡‡	a chritheadh / a gcritheadh*	chrití / gcrit퇇
future		crithfidh mé; crithfead	crithfidh tú; crithfir†	crithfidh sé, sí	crithfimid; crithfidh muid	crithfidh sibh	crithfidh siad; crithfid†	a chrithfidh; a chrithfeas / a gcrithfidh*; a gcrithfeas*	crithfear
conditional		chrithfinn / gcrithfinn‡‡	chrithfeá / gcrithfeᇇ	chrithfeadh sé, sí / gcrithfeadh sé, s퇇	chrithfimis; chrithfeadh muid / gcrithfimis‡‡; gcrithfeadh muid‡‡	chrithfeadh sibh / gcrithfeadh sibh‡‡	chrithfidís; chrithfeadh siad / gcrithfidís‡‡; gcrithfeadh siad‡‡	a chrithfeadh / a gcrithfeadh*	chrithfí / gcrithf퇇
subjunctive	present	go gcrithe mé; go gcrithead†	go gcrithe tú; go gcrithir†	go gcrithe sé, sí	go gcrithimid; go gcrithe muid	go gcrithe sibh	go gcrithe siad; go gcrithid†	—	go gcritear
	past	dá gcrithinn	dá gcriteá	dá gcritheadh sé, sí	dá gcrithimis; dá gcritheadh muid	dá gcritheadh sibh	dá gcrithidís; dá gcritheadh siad	—	dá gcrití
imperative		crithim	crith	critheadh sé, sí	crithimis	crithigí; crithidh†	crithidís	—	critear
verbal noun		crith
past participle		crite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
crith	chrith	gcrith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• “crith”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “criṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 196
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 50

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Cognate to Welsh cryd (“fever”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲr͈ʲiθ/

Noun

crith m (genitive unattested)

1. shaking, trembling

Inflection

Unknown, but Matasović tentatively classifies this as an o-stem. A u-stem declension with genitive cretha can be found in Middle Irish.

Derived terms

• crethaid
  • Irish: creath
  • Manx: crie
• crithnaigid
  • Irish: creathnaigh
  • Scottish Gaelic: criothnaich, crithnich
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: crithnaigthech
    • Irish: creathnach

Descendants

• Middle Irish: crith
  • Irish: crith
  • Manx: crie
  • Scottish Gaelic: crith

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
crith	chrith	crith pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish crith, from Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos.

Verb

crith (past chrith, future crithidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crithte)

1. shake, shiver, tremble, quaver

Noun

crith f (genitive singular crithe, plural crithean)

1. verbal noun of crith
2. shiver, tremble, shudder, tremor

Derived terms

• Crith-chreidmheach (“Quaker”)