dalam

See also: dalām, daļām, and dałam

Eastern Cham

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *dalam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪a.lʌm/

Adjective

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)

1. deep

Preposition

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)

1. in, inside

References

• Thurgood, Graham (1999) From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change‎^[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 287
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, fom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dalam/
• Rhymes: -alam
• Hyphenation: da‧lam

Adjective

dalam

1. deep

Preposition

dalam

1. inside, in, within (abstract)

   dalam jaku Inggeris

   in English

2. indoor
3. interior

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• dlm (abbreviation)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem. Semantic loan from Chinese 內 / 内.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈdalam/ [ˈda.lam]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: da‧lam

Adjective

dalam (superlative terdalam, equative sedalam)

1. deep

   Antonym: dangkal

2. (of Chinese kinship) paternal side

   kakek dalam ― paternal grandfather

Derived terms

• kedalaman (“depth”)
• pendalaman (“process of deepening”)
• mendalami
• mendalamkan (“to deepen”)
• didalami (“to be deepened”)
• memperdalam (“to deepen”)
• mendalam
• sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)

• berdalam-dalam
• dalam-dalam
• dalaman
• kedalaman
• memperdalam
• mendalam
• mendalami
• mendalamkan
• pedalaman
• pendalaman
• sedalam-dalamnya

• dalam negeri

Noun

dalam (plural dalam-dalam)

1. inside, indoors
2. interior

Preposition

dalam

1. inside, in, within

Derived terms

• dalam jaringan
• dalam jejaring
• dalam pada itu
• dalam peninggal
• di dalam

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• “dalam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Alternative forms

• dlm (abbreviation)

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dalam/

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alam
• (Kelantan) IPA^(key): [dalẽ]

Adjective

dalam (comparative lebih dalam, superlative paling dalam, terdalam)

1. deep

Antonyms

• cetek
• dangkal
• tohor

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pendalaman (“process of deepening”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pedalaman (“inland”) [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
• dalaman (“internal”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• kedalaman (“depth”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• sedalam [comparability] (se-)
• dalamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• dalami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• mendalamkan (“to deepen”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• mendalami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• didalamkan (“to be deepened”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• didalami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
• memperdalam (“to deepen”) [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
• diperdalam (“to be deepened”) [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
• dalam-dalam [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• mendalam (“profound”)
• terdalam (“the deepest”)
• sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)

Preposition

dalam (Jawi spelling دالم)

1. inside, in, within (abstract)

   dalam bahasa Inggris

   in English

2. indoor
3. interior

Antonyms

• luar

Derived terms

• di dalam (“in (concrete)”)
• ke dalam (“(to) inside (of), into”)

Descendants

• Indonesian: dalam

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Maltese

Root
d-l-m
6 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈda.lam/

Verb

dalam (imperfect jidlam)

1. (of the night, sky, etc.) to get dark

Conjugation

Conjugation of dalam

positive forms
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	dlamt	dlamt	dalam	dlamna	dlamtu	dalmu
	f			dalmet
imperfect	m	nidlam	tidlam	jidlam	nidalmu	tidalmu	jidalmu
	f			tidlam
imperative			idlam			idalmu
negative forms
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	dlamtx	dlamtx	dalamx	dlamniex	dlamtux	dalmux
	f			dalmitx
imperfect	m	nidlamx	tidlamx	jidlamx	nidalmux	tidalmux	jidalmux
	f			tidlamx
imperative			tidlamx			tidalmux