darīt
See also: dařit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Originally the iterative counterpart of an earlier verb *dert (“to tear, to split”), from Proto-Baltic *der-, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to split, to tear, to peel”). The meaning evolved as follows: “to tear, to split” > “to cut, to chop (wood)” (cf. the derived form darināt kokus “to pear, to cut (branches) off (a tree)”) > “to make by cutting (e.g., like a carpenter)” > “to make, to do.” Cognates include Lithuanian darýti (“to do, to make”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Verb edit
darīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present daru, dari, dara, past darīju)
- to do (to carry out, to realize something, to be busy with something)
- darīt mājas darbus ― to do house work
- darīt darāmo ― to do what is to be done, what needs to be done
- parādīt, kas jādara ― to show what needs to be done
- ko tu tur dari? ― what are you doing there?
- jāsāk kaut ko darīt ― (we) have to start doing something
- nē, mājās nav ko darīt ― no, at home there is nothing to do
- Ints vairs nedarīja nekā; sastindzis, nekustīgs viņš gulēja gultā ― Ints didn't do anything anymore; stunned, he just lay immobile in bed
- lamatas!... kur skriet?... kur bēgt? ir kaut kas jādara!... ― a trap!... where to run?... where to flee? there must be something to do!...
- “iesim, iesim”, sacīja Andriksons, “jālūko dzēst; darīsim, ko spēsim” ― “let's go, let's go,” Andriksons said, “we have to try to put it (= fire) out; we'll do what we can”
- to do, to make (to behave in a certain way, e.g., to cause something to happen)
- darīt nedarbus ― to make mischief
- darīt muļķības ― to do stupid things
- darīt blēņas ― to do pranks
- nedarīt neko sliktu ― to not do anything bad, wrong
- darīt visu, kas ienāk prātā ― to do everything that comes to mind
- es to nedrīkstu darīt ― I may not (= am not allowed) to do that
- dara, ko grib ― (he) does what (he) wants
- dara, kā patīk ― (he) does as (he) pleases
- pareizi darīts ― well, correctly done
- aplam darīts ― badly, wrongly done
- tā nedrīkst darīt ― one may not do (= act) like that
- to do, to make, to cause (to create, originate something with one's actions, behavior; to change the state (of someone, something) with one's action, behavior, existence)
- darīt sāpes ― to cause pain
- dāvana dara zēnam prieku ― the gift made joy to the boy (= made him happy)
- nedarīt kaunu savam kolektīvam ― to not cause shame to one's team
- slaucējs jautājoši uzlūkoja Lieni: “madāma man atkal dara netaisnību”, šī sacīja ― the milker looked questioningly at Liene: “again madam does injustice (= is unfair) to me,” she said
- ko pats negribi sev darām, to nedari citiem ― what you don't want done to yourself, don't do to others
- saki, ko lai es daru melnajam runcim? ― tell me, what do (= should) I do to the black (tom)cat?
- smaids darīja seju pievilcīgu ― a smile made (his) face attractive
- skarbais noraidījums darīja neiespējamas tālākas pārrunas ― harsh rejection made further negotiations impossible
- labi izvēlētas atskaņas dara dzejas valodu fonētiski skanīgāku ― well-chsosen rhymes make poetic language phonetically more resonant, melodious
- (rare, of food, drinks, especially beer) to make, to prepare
- darīt alu, sviestu ― to make beer, butter
- darīt desas ― to make sausages
- (dated sense, of objects) to make
- darīt pastalas ― to make pastalas (= primitive shoes)
- sīki putni ligzdu dara ― small birds make (their) nests
- (dated sense) to close (with ciet, older cieti; compare German zumachen)
- jūs acis cieti darāt ― you close your eyes
Conjugation edit
conjugation of darīt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | daru | darīju | darīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | dari | darīji | darīsi | dari |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dara | darīja | darīs | lai dara |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | darām | darījām | darīsim | darīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | darāt | darījāt | darīsiet, darīsit |
dariet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dara | darīja | darīs | lai dara |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | darot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | darošs | ||
| Past | esot darījis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | darīdams | ||
| Future | darīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | darot | ||
| Imperative | lai darot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | darām | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | darījis | |||
| Present | darītu | Present Passive | darāms | ||
| Past | būtu darījis | Past Passive | darīts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jādara | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | darīt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jādara | Negative Infinitive | nedarīt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jādarot | Verbal noun | darīšana | ||
Synonyms edit
- (of "carry out", "perform"): izpildīt, veikt
- (of "make", "produce"): darināt, gatavot, taisīt, veidot
- (of "close"): aizvērt
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “darīt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN