decenarius

Latin

Etymology

PIE word
*déḱm̥

Reshaping of Classical dēnārius (from dēnī +‎ -ārius) based on Late Latin decēnus (also influenced by adjectives such as septēnārius (“sevenfold; septenary”)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /de.keːˈnaː.ri.us/, [d̪ɛkeːˈnäːriʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /de.t͡ʃeˈna.ri.us/, [d̪et͡ʃeˈnäːrius]

Adjective

decēnārius (feminine decēnāria, neuter decēnārium); first/second-declension adjective (Medieval Latin)

1. tenfold

   numerus decēnārius ― the number ten (literally, “the tenfold number”)

   • 1700, Joachimus Puyol de Llobic, “Casus IX [Case 9]”, in Opus morale de restitutione et contractibus‎^[1], volume I, Tolosa: Guillelmus Robert & Joannes Vialar, page 92:

     ablata una untiate^[sic] à numero decenario, jam iſte non eſſet decenarius numerus, ſed novenarius:

     [ablātā ūnā ūnitāte ā numerō decēnāriō, iam iste nōn esset decēnārius numerus, sed novēnārius:]

     Removing one unit from the number ten, it is no longer the number ten, but nine.

     (literally, “[Having] removed one unit from the tenfold number, it is not a tenfold number anymore, but ninefold”)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	decēnārius	decēnāria	decēnārium		decēnāriī	decēnāriae	decēnāria
Genitive	decēnāriī	decēnāriae	decēnāriī		decēnāriōrum	decēnāriārum	decēnāriōrum
Dative	decēnāriō		decēnāriō		decēnāriīs
Accusative	decēnārium	decēnāriam	decēnārium		decēnāriōs	decēnāriās	decēnāria
Ablative	decēnāriō	decēnāriā	decēnāriō		decēnāriīs
Vocative	decēnārie	decēnāria	decēnārium		decēnāriī	decēnāriae	decēnāria

Descendants

• → Italian: decenario (learned)

Noun

decēnārius m (genitive decēnāriī or decēnārī); second declension (Medieval Latin)

1. ten (the number 10)
2. tithingman (leader of ten men)
3. tithingman, headborough

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	decēnārius	decēnāriī
Genitive	decēnāriī decēnārī1	decēnāriōrum
Dative	decēnāriō	decēnāriīs
Accusative	decēnārium	decēnāriōs
Ablative	decēnāriō	decēnāriīs
Vocative	decēnārie	decēnāriī

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

References

• “decenarius”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011