dyspnea

English

WOTD – 6 April 2024

Etymology

Variant spelling of dyspnoea, a learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea (“difficulty breathing”), from Ancient Greek δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (dúspnoia, “difficulty breathing, shortness of breath”), from δῠ́σπνοος (dúspnoos, “short of breath, breathing with difficulty”, adjective) (also δῠ́σπνους (dúspnous) by contraction) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ia, suffix forming abstract nouns). Δῠ́σπνοος (Dúspnoos) is derived from δῠσ- (dus-, prefix meaning ‘bad; difficult, hard; unfortunate’) + πνέω (pnéō, “to blow; to breathe”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; to pant”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as dys- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal; difficult; disease’) +‎ -pnea (suffix meaning ‘breathing, respiration’).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /dɪspˈniː.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈdɪsp.ni.ə/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːə
• Hyphenation: dys‧pnea

Noun

dyspnea (countable and uncountable, plural dyspneas) (American spelling, Canadian spelling)

1. (pathology) Difficult or laboured respiration; shortness of breath.

   Synonym: breathlessness

   Coordinate terms: apnea, bradypnea, eupnea, hyperpnea, orthopnea, platypnea, polypnea, tachypnea, trepopnea

   • 1655, Lazarus Riverius [i.e., Lazare Rivière], “Of Asthma, or Difficulty of Breathing”, in Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, and William Rowland, transl., The Practice of Physick, […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, 7th book (Of the Diseases of the Breast), page 148:

     In a Diſpnœa, the breath is thick, vvithout noiſe or anhelation, and vvith leſs trouble.

   • 1888, R[euben] Ludlam, “Lecture LIX. Ovariotomy.”, in Medical and Surgical Lectures on the Diseases of Women, a Clinical and Systematic Treatise. […], 6th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Halsey Brothers, →OCLC, page 962:

     During August the tumor again grew rapidly, causing dyspnœa, constipation and general malaise.

Alternative forms

• dyspnoea (British spelling)
• dyspnœa (obsolete)

Derived terms

• dyspneic, dyspnoeic, dyspnœic
• dyspneal, dyspnoeal, dyspnœal

Related terms

• apnea, apnoea, apnœa
• apneic, apnoeic, apnœic
• bradypnea, bradypnoea, bradypnœa
• bradypneic, bradypnoeic, bradypnœic
• eupnea, eupnoea, eupnœa
• eupneic, eupnoeic, eupnœic
• hyperpnea, hyperpnoea, hyperpnœa
• hyperpneic, hyperpnoeic, hyperpnœic
• orthopnea, orthopnoea, orthopnœa
• orthopneic, orthopnoeic, orthopnœic
• platypnea, platypnoea, platypnœa
• polypnea, polypnoeia, polypnœia
• polypneic, polypnoeic, polypnœic
• tachypnea, tachypnoea, tachypnœa
• tachypneic, tachypnoeic, tachypnœic
• trepopnea, trepopnoea, trepopnœa

 

Translations

difficult or laboured respiration

• Afrikaans: aamborstigheid
• Azerbaijani: təngnəfəslik
• Bulgarian: затруднено дишане n (zatrudneno dišane)
• Catalan: dispnea f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 呼吸困難／呼吸困难 (zh) (hūxī kùnnan)

• Czech: dušnost (cs) f
• Danish: åndenød (da) c
• Dutch: aamborstigheid (nl) f, ademnood (nl) m or f
• Finnish: dyspnea (fi), hengenahdistus, hengitysvaikeus
• French: dyspnée (fr) f, essoufflement (fr) m
• Georgian: დისპნოე (ka) (disṗnoe)
• German: Dyspnoe (de) f, Atembeschwerde f (chiefly in the plural), Atemnot (de) f, Kurzatmigkeit (de) f
• Greek: δύσπνοια (el) f (dýspnoia)

  Ancient Greek: δῠ́σπνοιᾰ f (dúspnoia)

• Hungarian: légszomj (hu)
• Icelandic: mæði f
• Ido: anhelo (io)
• Indonesian: dispnèa
• Interlingua: dyspnea
• Italian: dispnea (it) f, fame d'aria, mancanza di fiato f, mancanza di respiro f
• Japanese: 呼吸困難 (ja) (こきゅうこんなん, kokyū konnan)
• Latvian: aizdusa f
• Luxembourgish: Otemnout f
• Macedonian: оте́жнато ди́шење n (otéžnato díšenje)
• Persian: تنگی نفس (tangi-e nafas)
• Polish: duszność (pl) f, jaducha f (dialectal, obsolete), zadyszka (pl) f
• Portuguese: dispneia (pt) f, abafação (pt) f, falta de ar f
• Romanian: dispnee (ro) f
• Russian: диспно́э (ru) n (dispnóe), оды́шка (ru) f (odýška), затруднённое дыха́ние n (zatrudnjónnoje dyxánije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: диспнеа f, диспнѐја f, кра̀так да̏х m, за́духа f

  Roman: dispnea f, dispnèja (sh) f, kràtak dȁh m, záduha (sh) f

• Spanish: disnea (es) f, falta de aire f, falta de aliento f
• Swedish: dyspné ?, andtäppa (sv) c
• Tagalog: paghihirap sa paghinga
• Turkish: nefes darlığı (tr)
• Ukrainian: зади́шка f (zadýška)
• Welsh: dyspnea m
• Xhosa: iphika

Further reading

• shortness of breath on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Pandeys

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English dyspnea)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdys(.)pneɑ/, [ˈdys̠(.)pne̞ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -yspneɑ, -ys.pneɑ
• Syllabification^(key): dysp‧ne‧a, dys‧pne‧a

Noun

dyspnea

1. (pathology) dyspnea

Declension

Inflection of dyspnea (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		dyspnea	dyspneat
genitive		dyspnean	dyspneoiden dyspneoitten
partitive		dyspneaa	dyspneoita
illative		dyspneaan	dyspneoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		dyspnea	dyspneat
accusative	nom.	dyspnea	dyspneat
	gen.	dyspnean
genitive		dyspnean	dyspneoiden dyspneoitten dyspneain rare
partitive		dyspneaa	dyspneoita
inessive		dyspneassa	dyspneoissa
elative		dyspneasta	dyspneoista
illative		dyspneaan	dyspneoihin
adessive		dyspnealla	dyspneoilla
ablative		dyspnealta	dyspneoilta
allative		dyspnealle	dyspneoille
essive		dyspneana	dyspneoina
translative		dyspneaksi	dyspneoiksi
abessive		dyspneatta	dyspneoitta
instructive		—	dyspneoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of dyspnea (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative dyspneani dyspneani accusative nom. dyspneani dyspneani gen. dyspneani genitive dyspneani dyspneoideni dyspneoitteni dyspneaini rare partitive dyspneaani dyspneoitani inessive dyspneassani dyspneoissani elative dyspneastani dyspneoistani illative dyspneaani dyspneoihini adessive dyspneallani dyspneoillani ablative dyspnealtani dyspneoiltani allative dyspnealleni dyspneoilleni essive dyspneanani dyspneoinani translative dyspneakseni dyspneoikseni abessive dyspneattani dyspneoittani instructive — — comitative — dyspneoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative dyspneasi dyspneasi accusative nom. dyspneasi dyspneasi gen. dyspneasi genitive dyspneasi dyspneoidesi dyspneoittesi dyspneaisi rare partitive dyspneaasi dyspneoitasi inessive dyspneassasi dyspneoissasi elative dyspneastasi dyspneoistasi illative dyspneaasi dyspneoihisi adessive dyspneallasi dyspneoillasi ablative dyspnealtasi dyspneoiltasi allative dyspneallesi dyspneoillesi essive dyspneanasi dyspneoinasi translative dyspneaksesi dyspneoiksesi abessive dyspneattasi dyspneoittasi instructive — — comitative — dyspneoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative dyspneamme dyspneamme accusative nom. dyspneamme dyspneamme gen. dyspneamme genitive dyspneamme dyspneoidemme dyspneoittemme dyspneaimme rare partitive dyspneaamme dyspneoitamme inessive dyspneassamme dyspneoissamme elative dyspneastamme dyspneoistamme illative dyspneaamme dyspneoihimme adessive dyspneallamme dyspneoillamme ablative dyspnealtamme dyspneoiltamme allative dyspneallemme dyspneoillemme essive dyspneanamme dyspneoinamme translative dyspneaksemme dyspneoiksemme abessive dyspneattamme dyspneoittamme instructive — — comitative — dyspneoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative dyspneanne dyspneanne accusative nom. dyspneanne dyspneanne gen. dyspneanne genitive dyspneanne dyspneoidenne dyspneoittenne dyspneainne rare partitive dyspneaanne dyspneoitanne inessive dyspneassanne dyspneoissanne elative dyspneastanne dyspneoistanne illative dyspneaanne dyspneoihinne adessive dyspneallanne dyspneoillanne ablative dyspnealtanne dyspneoiltanne allative dyspneallenne dyspneoillenne essive dyspneananne dyspneoinanne translative dyspneaksenne dyspneoiksenne abessive dyspneattanne dyspneoittanne instructive — — comitative — dyspneoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative dyspneansa dyspneansa accusative nom. dyspneansa dyspneansa gen. dyspneansa genitive dyspneansa dyspneoidensa dyspneoittensa dyspneainsa rare partitive dyspneaansa dyspneoitaan dyspneoitansa inessive dyspneassaan dyspneassansa dyspneoissaan dyspneoissansa elative dyspneastaan dyspneastansa dyspneoistaan dyspneoistansa illative dyspneaansa dyspneoihinsa adessive dyspneallaan dyspneallansa dyspneoillaan dyspneoillansa ablative dyspnealtaan dyspnealtansa dyspneoiltaan dyspneoiltansa allative dyspnealleen dyspneallensa dyspneoilleen dyspneoillensa essive dyspneanaan dyspneanansa dyspneoinaan dyspneoinansa translative dyspneakseen dyspneaksensa dyspneoikseen dyspneoiksensa abessive dyspneattaan dyspneattansa dyspneoittaan dyspneoittansa instructive — — comitative — dyspneoineen dyspneoinensa

Synonyms

• hengenahdistus

Interlingua

Noun

dyspnea (uncountable)

1. dyspnea

Related terms

• dyspneic