enamel

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɪˈnæməl/

  • Audio (UK)

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• (General American) IPA^(key): /əˈnæməl/
• Rhymes: -æməl

Etymology 1

From Middle English enamel, from Anglo-Norman enamailler, from en- (“in-”) + amailler (“to enamel”), variant of Old French esmailler (“to enamel”), from esmal (“enamel”), from Frankish *smalt, from Proto-Germanic *smaltijaną (“to smelt”). Compare German schmelzen, Danish smelte (“to melt”).

Noun

enamel (countable and uncountable, plural enamels)

1. An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.
2. A coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish.
3. The hard covering on the exposed part of a tooth.
4. A cosmetic intended to give the appearance of a smooth and beautiful complexion.

Translations

opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects

• Armenian: արծնապակի (hy) (arcnapaki)
• Bulgarian: емайл (bg) m (emajl)
• Catalan: esmalt (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 琺瑯, 珐琅 (faat³ long⁴)

  Mandarin: 琺瑯 (zh), 珐琅 (zh) (fàláng)

• Czech: smalt (cs) m
• Danish: emalje c
• Esperanto: emajlo
• Finnish: emali (fi)
• French: émail (fr) m, glaçure (fr) f
• Galician: esmalte m
• German: Email (de) n, Emaille (de) f
• Greek: έγκαυστον n (égkafston), σμάλτο (el) n (smálto) (colloquial), εμαγιέ (el) n (emagié) (colloquial)
• Hungarian: zománc (hu)
• Icelandic: lakk n
• Ido: emalio (io)
• Irish: cruan (ga) m, amáille f (literary), cruan (ga) m

• Italian: smalto (it) m, lacca (it) f
• Japanese: 琺瑯 (ja) (ほうろう, hōrō)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: emalje m

  Nynorsk: emalje m

• Portuguese: esmalte (pt) m
• Romanian: smalț (ro) n
• Russian: эма́ль (ru) f (emálʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: cruan m, geiltrigeadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ѐмајл m, гле̏ђ f

  Roman: èmajl (sh), glȅđ (sh)

• Slovak: smalt
• Spanish: esmalte (es) m, enlozado (es)
• Swedish: emalj (sv) c
• Turkish: emaye (tr)
• Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish

• Bulgarian: глеч (bg) f (gleč)
• Finnish: emali (fi)
• French: émail (fr) m
• Ido: emalio (io)
• Polish: emalia (pl) f

• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ѐмајл m, гле̏ђ f

  Roman: èmajl (sh), glȅđ (sh)

• Spanish: esmaltado (es) m, esmalte (es) m
• Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

covering on the tooth

• Arabic: مِينَاء‎ f (mīnāʾ)

  Egyptian Arabic: مينا‎ f (minaa)

• Armenian: էմալ (hy) (ēmal)
• Bulgarian: емайл (bg) m (emajl)
• Catalan: esmalt (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 琺瑯質, 珐琅质 (faat³ long⁴ zat¹)

  Mandarin: 琺瑯質 (zh), 珐琅质 (zh) (fàlángzhì)

• Czech: sklovina f
• Danish: emalje c
• Esperanto: emajlo
• Finnish: kiille (fi), hammaskiille (fi)
• French: émail (fr) m
• German: Zahnschmelz (de) m, Schmelz (de) m
• Greek: αδαμαντίνη (el) f (adamantíni)
• Hungarian: fogzománc (hu)
• Icelandic: glerungur (is) m
• Ido: emalio (io)
• Italian: smalto (it) m

• Japanese: 琺瑯質 (ほうろうしつ, hōrōshitsu), エナメル質 (エナメルしつ, enamerushitsu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: mîna (ku) f

• Maori: kirimārō
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: emalje m

  Nynorsk: emalje m

• Persian: مینا‎ (fa) (minâ)
• Polish: szkliwo (pl) m
• Portuguese: esmalte (pt) m
• Romanian: smalț (ro) n
• Russian: эма́ль (ru) f (emálʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ца̏клина f, гле̏ђ f

  Roman: cȁklina (sh) f, glȅđ (sh) f

• Slovak: sklovina
• Spanish: esmalte (es) m
• Swedish: emalj (sv) c, tandemalj (sv) c
• Turkish: mine (tr)
• Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} emajlo
• French: ^{(please verify)} émail (fr) m

• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} אמייל‎
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} email

Etymology 2

From Middle English enamelen, from the noun (see above).

Verb

enamel (third-person singular simple present enamels, present participle (US) enameling or (UK) enamelling, simple past and past participle (US) enameled or (UK) enamelled)

1. (transitive) To coat or decorate with enamel.
2. (transitive) To variegate with colours, as if with enamel.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 9”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     Oft he [the serpent] bowed / His turret crest and sleek enamelled neck.

3. (transitive) To form a glossy surface like enamel upon.

   to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth

4. (transitive) To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.

Derived terms

• enamelware
• porcelain enamel
• vitreous enamel

Translations

to coat with enamel

• Armenian: արծնել (hy) (arcnel), արծնապատել (hy) (arcnapatel)
• Bulgarian: емайлирам (bg) (emajliram)
• Catalan: esmaltar (ca)
• Esperanto: emajli
• Finnish: emaloida (fi)
• French: émailler (fr)
• German: emaillieren (de), schmalten (de)
• Greek: βερνικώνω (el) (vernikóno), επισμαλτώνω (el) (epismaltóno)
• Hebrew: זיגג‎ (zigég)
• Icelandic: lakka
• Ido: emaliizar (io)

• Interlingua: emailliar
• Irish: cruan (ga) m
• Italian: smaltare (it)
• Portuguese: esmaltar (pt)
• Russian: эмалирова́ть (ru) (emalirovátʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: , емајли́рати, глеђосати

  Roman: emajlírati (sh), gleđosati (sh)

• Slovak: smaltovať
• Spanish: esmaltar (es)
• Swedish: emaljera (sv)
• Turkish: sırlamak (tr), emaylamak (tr)

Anagrams

• Leeman, Manele, Melena, manele, melena