endurecer

Contents

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin indūrēscere, present active infinitive of indūrēscō, from indūrō.

PronunciationEdit

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.du.ɾɨ.ˈseɾ/
• Hyphenation: en‧du‧re‧cer

VerbEdit

endurecer (first-person singular present indicative endureço, past participle endurecido)

1. to harden
2. to strengthen

ConjugationEdit

  Conjugation of the Portuguese -er verb endurecer

Notes:[edit] This is a regular verb of the -er group. The last letter c is changed to ç, depending on the following vowel, resulting in these four possible sequences: -ça-, -ce-, -ci- and -ço-. Verbs with this conjugation include: acontecer, amanhecer, carecer, conhecer, descer, esquecer, merecer, parecer, reconhecer, tecer, vencer.
	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	endurecer
Personal	endurecer	endureceres	endurecer	endurecermos	endurecerdes	endurecerem
Gerund
	endurecendo
Past participle
Masculine	endurecido			endurecidos
Feminine	endurecida			endurecidas
Indicative
Present	endureço	endureces	endurece	endurecemos	endureceis	endurecem
Imperfect	endurecia	endurecias	endurecia	endurecíamos	endurecíeis	endureciam
Preterite	endureci	endureceste	endureceu	endurecemos	endurecestes	endureceram
Pluperfect	endurecera	endureceras	endurecera	endurecêramos	endurecêreis	endureceram
Future	endurecerei	endurecerás	endurecerá	endureceremos	endurecereis	endurecerão
Conditional
	endureceria	endurecerias	endureceria	endureceríamos	endureceríeis	endureceriam
Subjunctive
Present	endureça	endureças	endureça	endureçamos	endureçais	endureçam
Imperfect	endurecesse	endurecesses	endurecesse	endurecêssemos	endurecêsseis	endurecessem
Future	endurecer	endureceres	endurecer	endurecermos	endurecerdes	endurecerem
Imperative
Affirmative	-	endurece	endureça	endureçamos	endurecei	endureçam
Negative (não)	-	endureças	endureça	endureçamos	endureçais	endureçam

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SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin indūrēscere, present active infinitive of indūrēscō, from indūrō.

VerbEdit

endurecer (first-person singular present endurezco, first-person singular preterite endurecí, past participle endurecido)

1. to harden, make hard

ConjugationEdit

• Rule: c becomes a zc before a or o.

    Conjugation of endurecer (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)^{edit data}

infinitive			endurecer
gerund			endureciendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		endurecido		endurecida
		plural		endurecidos		endurecidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	endurezco	endurecestú endurecésvos	endurece	endurecemos	endurecéis	endurecen
	imperfect	endurecía	endurecías	endurecía	endurecíamos	endurecíais	endurecían
	preterite	endurecí	endureciste	endureció	endurecimos	endurecisteis	endurecieron
	future	endureceré	endurecerás	endurecerá	endureceremos	endureceréis	endurecerán
	conditional	endurecería	endurecerías	endurecería	endureceríamos	endureceríais	endurecerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	endurezca	endurezcas	endurezca	endurezcamos	endurezcáis	endurezcan
	imperfect (ra)	endureciera	endurecieras	endureciera	endureciéramos	endurecierais	endurecieran
	imperfect (se)	endureciese	endurecieses	endureciese	endureciésemos	endurecieseis	endureciesen
	future	endureciere	endurecieres	endureciere	endureciéremos	endureciereis	endurecieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		endurecetú endurecévos	endurezca	endurezcamos	endureced	endurezcan
	negative		no endurezcas	no endurezca	no endurezcamos	no endurezcáis	no endurezcan

Other verbs with this conjugation:

► Spanish verbs ending in -er (conjugation c-zc)

Related termsEdit

• duro