Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Malay engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu. The eng- component is epenthetical to avoid a monosyllabic pronunciation.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /əŋkau̯/
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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engkau

  1. (Borneo, Medan, informal, poetic) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

Synonyms

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Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

  • anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • coen (slang, East Java)
  • ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • kamu (intimate)
  • ko, kowe (informal, Java)
  • kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
  • lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Malay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *i-kaSu. The eng- component is epenthetical to avoid a monosyllabic pronunciation.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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engkau (Jawi spelling اڠکاو)

  1. you, your

Usage notes

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  • Largely used in poetry and songs, and informally between contemporary speakers, especially of the same gender, or with a tone of disapproval. Also used to address God (capitalized i.e. Engkau).

See also

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Malay personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person standard

saya / ساي
aku / اکو, ku- / كوـ (informal/towards God)
-ku / ـكو (poetic possessive)
hamba / همبا (dated)
daku / داکو (poetic)

kami / کامي (exclusive)
kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive)
kita / کيت (inclusive)

royal

beta / بيتا

2nd person standard

engkau / اڠکاو, kau- / كاوـ (informal/poetic/towards God)
kau / كاو (informal)
awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger)
anda / اندا (formal)
awda / اءودا (Brunei, formal)
-mu / ـمو (poetic possessive)
dikau / ديکاو (poetic)

anda semua / اندا سموا (formal)
awak semua / اوق سموا
kamu semua / كامو سموا
kalian / کالين (archaic)
kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)

royal

tuanku / توانكو

3rd person standard

dia / دي
ia / اي
beliau / بلياو (honorific)
-nya / ـڽ (possessive)

mereka / مريک
dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)

royal

baginda / بݢيندا