fundamental
English edit
Alternative forms edit
- foundament (when used as a noun)
Etymology edit
From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fundamental (plural fundamentals)
- (usually in the plural) A main or major principle, rule, law, etc. which serves as the foundation or basis of a system; an essential part
- one of the fundamentals of linear algebra
- 1722, John Locke, The Works of John Locke ...: With Alphabetical Tables ..., page 572:
- When any one offers me a compleat Catalogue of his Fundamentals, he does not unreaſonably demand me to quit mine for nothing […]
- 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, page 28:
- Personal leadership is a fundamental of successful government.
- (physics) The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.
- (music) The lowest partial of a complex tone.
Translations edit
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Adjective edit
fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)
- Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.
- Essential; extremely important.
- Synonym: elementary
- a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom; a fundamental element; fundamental principle; fundamental law
- A need for belonging seems fundamental to humans.
- 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:
- Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. […] But the scandals kept coming, […]. A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.
Synonyms edit
- groundlaying
- See also Thesaurus:bare-bones
Derived terms edit
- algebraic fundamental group
- first fundamental form
- fundamental analysis
- fundamental constant
- fundamental force
- fundamental frequency
- fundamental group
- fundamental interaction
- fundamentalism
- fundamentalist
- fundamentality
- fundamentally
- fundamentalness
- fundamental niche
- fundamental painting
- fundamental particle
- fundamental right
- fundamental science
- fundamental theorem
- fundamental theorem of arithmetic
- fundamental unit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Further reading edit
- “fundamental”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “fundamental”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fundamental
Inflection edit
Inflection of fundamental | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | fundamental | — | —2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | fundamentalt | — | —2 |
Plural | fundamentale | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | fundamentale | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Galician edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fundāmentālis.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)
Further reading edit
- “fundamental” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
German edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin fundāmentālis. By surface analysis, Fundament + -al.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fundamental (strong nominative masculine singular fundamentaler, comparative fundamentaler, superlative am fundamentalsten)
- fundamental
- Synonym: grundlegend
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “fundamental” in Duden online
- “fundamental” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fundamentalis.
Adjective edit
fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “fundamental” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “fundamental” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fundamentalis.
Adjective edit
fundamental (neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “fundamental” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin fundāmentālis.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: fun‧da‧men‧tal
Adjective edit
fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)
- fundamental; essential (pertaining to the basic part or notion of something)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French fondamental, from Latin fundamentalis. Equivalent to fundament + -al.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fundamental m or n (feminine singular fundamentală, masculine plural fundamentali, feminine and neuter plural fundamentale)
Declension edit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | fundamental | fundamentală | fundamentali | fundamentale | ||
definite | fundamentalul | fundamentala | fundamentalii | fundamentalele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | fundamental | fundamentale | fundamentali | fundamentale | ||
definite | fundamentalului | fundamentalei | fundamentalelor | fundamentalilor |
Related terms edit
References edit
- fundamental in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fundāmentālis.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fundamental m or f (masculine and feminine plural fundamentales)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “fundamental”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Adjective edit
fundamental (not comparable)
Declension edit
Inflection of fundamental | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | fundamental | mer fundamental | mest fundamental |
Neuter singular | fundamentalt | mer fundamentalt | mest fundamentalt |
Plural | fundamentala | mer fundamentala | mest fundamentala |
Masculine plural3 | fundamentale | mer fundamentala | mest fundamentala |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | fundamentale | mer fundamentale | mest fundamentale |
All | fundamentala | mer fundamentala | mest fundamentala |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |