Wiktionary

fundamental

English

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Etymology

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From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Hyphenation: fun‧da‧men‧tal

Noun

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fundamental (plural fundamentals)

  1. (generic, singular) A basic truth, elementary concept, principle, rule, or law. An individual fundamental will often serve as a building block used to form a complex idea.
  2. (generic, plural) A collection of essential component ideas that are often grouped together to serve as the foundational basis of a complex idea.
    one of the fundamentals of linear algebra
    • 1722, John Locke, The Works of John Locke ...: With Alphabetical Tables ..., page 572:
      When any one offers me a compleat Catalogue of his Fundamentals, he does not unreaſonably demand me to quit mine for nothing […]
    • 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith‎[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, page 28:
      Personal leadership is a fundamental of successful government.
  3. (physics) The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.
  4. (music) The lowest partial of a complex tone.

Translations

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a leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article

Adjective

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fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)

  1. Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.
  2. Essential; extremely important.
    Synonym: elementary
    a fundamental truth;   a fundamental axiom;   a fundamental element;   fundamental principle;   fundamental law
    A need for belonging seems fundamental to humans.
    • 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:
      Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […].  Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. […]  But the scandals kept coming, […]. A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Further reading

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Danish

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Etymology

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From fundament +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fɔndaməntaːl/, [fɔnd̥amənˈtˢæːˀl]
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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fundamental

  1. basic, fundamental

Inflection

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Inflection of fundamental
positive comparative superlative
indefinite common singular fundamental — —2
indefinite neuter singular fundamentalt — —2
plural fundamentale — —2
definite attributive1 fundamentale — —

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Galician

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Etymology

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From Latin fundāmentālis. By surface analysis, fundamento +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fundamenˈtal/ [fun̪.d̪a.mẽn̪ˈt̪ɑɫ]
  • IPA(key): /fundamɛnˈtal/ [fun̪.d̪a.mɛ̃n̪ˈt̪ɑɫ]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: fun‧da‧men‧tal

Adjective

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fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)

  1. fundamental

Further reading

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German

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin fundāmentālis. By surface analysis, Fundament +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fʊndamɛnˈtaːl/
  • Hyphenation: fun‧da‧men‧tal
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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fundamental (strong nominative masculine singular fundamentaler, comparative fundamentaler, superlative am fundamentalsten)

  1. fundamental
    Synonym: grundlegend

Declension

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Positive forms of fundamental
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist fundamental sie ist fundamental es ist fundamental sie sind fundamental
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative fundamentaler fundamentale fundamentales fundamentale
genitive fundamentalen fundamentaler fundamentalen fundamentaler
dative fundamentalem fundamentaler fundamentalem fundamentalen
accusative fundamentalen fundamentale fundamentales fundamentale
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der fundamentale die fundamentale das fundamentale die fundamentalen
genitive des fundamentalen der fundamentalen des fundamentalen der fundamentalen
dative dem fundamentalen der fundamentalen dem fundamentalen den fundamentalen
accusative den fundamentalen die fundamentale das fundamentale die fundamentalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein fundamentaler eine fundamentale ein fundamentales (keine) fundamentalen
genitive eines fundamentalen einer fundamentalen eines fundamentalen (keiner) fundamentalen
dative einem fundamentalen einer fundamentalen einem fundamentalen (keinen) fundamentalen
accusative einen fundamentalen eine fundamentale ein fundamentales (keine) fundamentalen
Comparative forms of fundamental
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist fundamentaler sie ist fundamentaler es ist fundamentaler sie sind fundamentaler
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative fundamentalerer fundamentalere fundamentaleres fundamentalere
genitive fundamentaleren fundamentalerer fundamentaleren fundamentalerer
dative fundamentalerem fundamentalerer fundamentalerem fundamentaleren
accusative fundamentaleren fundamentalere fundamentaleres fundamentalere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der fundamentalere die fundamentalere das fundamentalere die fundamentaleren
genitive des fundamentaleren der fundamentaleren des fundamentaleren der fundamentaleren
dative dem fundamentaleren der fundamentaleren dem fundamentaleren den fundamentaleren
accusative den fundamentaleren die fundamentalere das fundamentalere die fundamentaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein fundamentalerer eine fundamentalere ein fundamentaleres (keine) fundamentaleren
genitive eines fundamentaleren einer fundamentaleren eines fundamentaleren (keiner) fundamentaleren
dative einem fundamentaleren einer fundamentaleren einem fundamentaleren (keinen) fundamentaleren
accusative einen fundamentaleren eine fundamentalere ein fundamentaleres (keine) fundamentaleren
Superlative forms of fundamental
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am fundamentalsten sie ist am fundamentalsten es ist am fundamentalsten sie sind am fundamentalsten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative fundamentalster fundamentalste fundamentalstes fundamentalste
genitive fundamentalsten fundamentalster fundamentalsten fundamentalster
dative fundamentalstem fundamentalster fundamentalstem fundamentalsten
accusative fundamentalsten fundamentalste fundamentalstes fundamentalste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der fundamentalste die fundamentalste das fundamentalste die fundamentalsten
genitive des fundamentalsten der fundamentalsten des fundamentalsten der fundamentalsten
dative dem fundamentalsten der fundamentalsten dem fundamentalsten den fundamentalsten
accusative den fundamentalsten die fundamentalste das fundamentalste die fundamentalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein fundamentalster eine fundamentalste ein fundamentalstes (keine) fundamentalsten
genitive eines fundamentalsten einer fundamentalsten eines fundamentalsten (keiner) fundamentalsten
dative einem fundamentalsten einer fundamentalsten einem fundamentalsten (keinen) fundamentalsten
accusative einen fundamentalsten eine fundamentalste ein fundamentalstes (keine) fundamentalsten

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English fundamental, from Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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fundamental (comparative lebih fundamental, superlative paling fundamental)

  1. fundamental

Further reading

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Latin fundamentalis.

Adjective

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fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

  1. fundamental, basic
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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin fundamentalis.

Adjective

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fundamental (neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

  1. fundamental, basic
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References

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin fundāmentālis.

Pronunciation

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  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /fũ.dɐ.mẽˈtal/ [fũ.dɐ.mẽˈtaɫ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /fũ.dɐ.mẽˈta.li/

  • Hyphenation: fun‧da‧men‧tal

Adjective

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fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)

  1. fundamental; essential (pertaining to the basic part or notion of something)
    Synonyms: essencial, básico

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French fondamental, from Latin fundamentalis. Equivalent to fundament +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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fundamental m or n (feminine singular fundamentală, masculine plural fundamentali, feminine and neuter plural fundamentale)

  1. fundamental

Declension

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Declension of fundamental
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite fundamental fundamentală fundamentali fundamentale
definite fundamentalul fundamentala fundamentalii fundamentalele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite fundamental fundamentale fundamentali fundamentale
definite fundamentalului fundamentalei fundamentalilor fundamentalelor
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References

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Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin fundāmentālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fundamenˈtal/ [fũn̪.d̪a.mẽn̪ˈt̪al]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: fun‧da‧men‧tal

Adjective

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fundamental m or f (masculine and feminine plural fundamentales)

  1. fundamental

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Swedish

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Adjective

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fundamental (not comparable)

  1. fundamental

Declension

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Inflection of fundamental
Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
common singular fundamental — —
neuter singular fundamentalt — —
plural fundamentala — —
masculine plural2 fundamentale — —
Definite positive comparative superlative
masculine singular3 fundamentale — —
all fundamentala — —

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

References

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