hapan
See also: häpän
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šappa.[1] Cognates include Estonian hapu, Erzya чапамо (čapamo) and Moksha шапама (šapama). The declension has been levelled to a plain m-stem.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
hapan (comparative happamampi or happamempi, superlative happamin)
- sour, acid in taste
- sour, peevish, irritable, grumpy, fretful, ill-tempered
- (chemistry) acidic, acid
- (geology, mineralogy) felsic
Declension edit
Inflection of hapan (Kotus type 35*B/lämmin, pp-p gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | hapan | happamat | |
genitive | happaman | happamien | |
partitive | hapanta | happamia | |
illative | happamaan | happamiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | hapan | happamat | |
accusative | nom. | hapan | happamat |
gen. | happaman | ||
genitive | happaman | happamien happamainrare | |
partitive | hapanta | happamia | |
inessive | happamassa | happamissa | |
elative | happamasta | happamista | |
illative | happamaan | happamiin | |
adessive | happamalla | happamilla | |
ablative | happamalta | happamilta | |
allative | happamalle | happamille | |
essive | happamana | happamina | |
translative | happamaksi | happamiksi | |
abessive | happamatta | happamitta | |
instructive | — | happamin | |
comitative | — | happamine |
Inflection of hapan (Kotus type 33*B/kytkin, pp-p gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | hapan | happamet | |
genitive | happamen | happamien hapanten | |
partitive | hapanta | happamia | |
illative | happameen | happamiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | hapan | happamet | |
accusative | nom. | hapan | happamet |
gen. | happamen | ||
genitive | happamen | happamien hapanten | |
partitive | hapanta | happamia | |
inessive | happamessa | happamissa | |
elative | happamesta | happamista | |
illative | happameen | happamiin | |
adessive | happamella | happamilla | |
ablative | happamelta | happamilta | |
allative | happamelle | happamille | |
essive | happamena | happamina | |
translative | happameksi | happamiksi | |
abessive | happametta | happamitta | |
instructive | — | happamin | |
comitative | — | happamine |
Possessive forms of hapan (Kotus type 33*B/kytkin, pp-p gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Compounds edit
References edit
Further reading edit
- “hapan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams edit
Ingrian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin. Cognates include Finnish hapan and Estonian hapu.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑpɑn]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑn]
- Rhymes: -ɑpɑn
- Hyphenation: ha‧pan
Adjective edit
hapan (comparative happamamp)
Declension edit
Declension of hapan (type 15/hapan, pp-p gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hapan | happamat |
genitive | happaman | happamiin |
partitive | hapanta, hapant | happamia |
illative | happamaa | happamii |
inessive | happamaas | happamiis |
elative | happamast | happamist |
allative | happamalle | happamille |
adessive | happamaal | happamiil |
ablative | happamalt | happamilt |
translative | happamaks | happamiks |
essive | happamanna, happamaan | happaminna, happamiin |
exessive1) | happamant | happamint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
Adjective edit
hapan
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 40
Karelian edit
North Karelian (Viena) |
hapan |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
hapan |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin. Cognates include Finnish hapan and Estonian hapu.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
hapan (genitive happamen, partitive hapanta/hapanda, comparative happamampi/happamambi, superlative happamin)
Declension edit
Viena Karelian declension of hapan (type 12/hapan, pp-p gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | hapan | happamet | |
genitive | happamen | happamien | |
partitive | hapanta | happamie | |
illative | happameh | happamih | |
inessive | happamešša | happamissa | |
elative | happamešta | happamista | |
adessive | happamella | happamilla | |
ablative | happamelta | happamilta | |
translative | happamekši | happamiksi | |
essive | happamina | happamina | |
comitative | — | happamineh | |
abessive | happametta | happamitta |
Tver Karelian declension of hapan (type 12/hapan, pp-p gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | hapana | happamet | |
genitive | happamen | happamien | |
partitive | hapanda | happamie | |
illative | happameh | happamih | |
inessive | happamešša | happamissa | |
elative | happamešta | happamista | |
adessive | happamella | happamilla | |
ablative | happamelda | happamilda | |
translative | happamekši | happamiksi | |
essive | happamina | happamina | |
comitative | happamenke | happaminke | |
abessive | happametta | happamitta |
Possessive forms of hapan | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | happameni | |
2nd person | happameš | |
3rd person | happameh | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References edit
- A. V. Punzhina (1994), “hapan”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “hapan”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN