ius
Gothic
editRomanization
editius
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌿𐍃
Latin
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /i̯uːs/, [i̯uːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /jus/, [jus]
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Italic *jowos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-, an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (the source of aevum and iuvenis). Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós).
Noun
editiūs n (genitive iūris); third declension
- law, right
- 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos :
- Ius summum saepe summa est malitia.
- Supreme law is often supreme malice.
- Ius summum saepe summa est malitia.
- subjective right, individual right
- court of law
Declension
editThird-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | iūs | iūra |
Genitive | iūris | iūrum |
Dative | iūrī | iūribus |
Accusative | iūs | iūra |
Ablative | iūre | iūribus |
Vocative | iūs | iūra |
The genitive plural iūrum does appear rarely, e.g. in Plautus and in Cato as quoted by Charisius.[1]
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“soup, broth”). Cognate with Sanskrit यूस् (yūs), यूष (yūṣa), Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē), Proto-Germanic *justaz, Proto-Slavic *juxa.
Noun
editiūs n (genitive iūris); third declension
Declension
editThird-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | iūs | iūra |
Genitive | iūris | iūrum |
Dative | iūrī | iūribus |
Accusative | iūs | iūra |
Ablative | iūre | iūribus |
Vocative | iūs | iūra |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “jūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “iūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- ius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
- to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari)
- to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
- to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
- to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
- to assert one's right: ius suum persequi
- to obtain justice: ius suum adipisci (Liv. 1. 32. 10)
- to maintain one's right: ius suum tenere, obtinere
- to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
- to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
- to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
- to summon some one before the court: in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem
- a sound judicial system: aequa iuris descriptio (Off. 2. 4. 15)
- to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
- to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere
- absence of justice: ius nullum
- to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere
- against all law, human and divine: contra ius fasque
- with full right: optimo iure
- prerogative, privilege: ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen.
- to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
- quite rightly: et recte (iure, merito)
- quite rightly: et recte (iure) quidem
- quite rightly: recte, iure id quidem
- with perfect right: meo (tuo, suo) iure
- with perfect right: iusto iure
- legitimately; with the fullest right: optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1).
- (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
- (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
- (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere
- to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
- “ius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 507
- ^ Lewis & Short, p. 1019.
Categories:
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂yew-
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the third declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Law