Wiktionary

junior

See also: Junior and júnior

English

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin junior, a contraction of iuvenior (“younger”) which is the comparative of iuvenis (“young”); see juvenile.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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junior (not generally comparable, comparative more junior, superlative most junior)

  1. (comparable) Low in rank; having a subordinate role, job, or situation.
  2. (not comparable, often preceded by a possessive adjective or a possessive form of a noun) Younger.
    • 2003, Karen Frisch, Creating Junior Genealogists, →ISBN:
      Far less likely to intimidate your junior genealogist is the Internet, with its databases, message and bulletin boards, online collections, and more. Now is also the time to introduce your children to older relatives, who can be valuable resources and provide precious information.
    • 2010, Julie Cross, Humor in Contemporary Junior Literature, →ISBN, page 1:
      Humorous books for junior readers are often ignored by the critical community, due, in part, to what Milner Davis describes as a “conventional bias against comic genres” (1996: 101), and I consider this a serious oversight within the field of children's literature.
    • 2011, Julian Barnes, Knowing French (Storycuts), →ISBN:
      There she is: Lady Margaret Hall, eight years junior to me, exhibitioner where I was top scholar, and reading French. (Not veterinary science.)
    • 2012, Junior Golf in Pictures: The Junior Golfer's Handbook, →ISBN:
      A handbook for junior golfers covering a wide range of golfing instruction and information with over 250 photographs of juniors learning, playing, practicing and enjoying the game of golf.
    • 2013, Krishna Mohan Mishra, Me and Medicine, →ISBN, page 111:
      Instead of going to the unit I walked in the opposite direction towards the medicine lecture room with various thoughts going through my mind — most of them were positive as this was a great opportunity to practise what I had learnt so far and should have a good impact on students who were 3–4 years junior to me and not known to me.
  3. (not comparable) Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
    • 1642, [Thomas Browne], “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC:
      Though our first Studies and junior Endeavours may stile us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks, yet I perceive the wisest Heads prove at last, almost all Scepticks […]
  4. (not comparable, chiefly US) Of or pertaining to a third academic year in a four-year high school (eleventh grade) or university.
  5. (sports, US, Canada) Of or pertaining to a league or competition limited to players below a certain age or level of experience.
    junior hockey

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Noun

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junior (countable and uncountable, plural juniors)

  1. (countable) A younger person.
    Antonym: senior
    four years his junior
    • 1922, Angela Brazil, Monitress Merle:
      Miss Mitchell would certainly be most relieved to have a monitress who was capable of organising the juniors at games.
    • 1939, P. G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime:
      The last man I met who was at school with me, though some years my junior, had a long white beard and no teeth.
  2. A name suffix used after a son's name when his father has the same name (abbreviations: Jnr., Jr., Jun.).
  3. (uncountable) A clothing size for girls or women.
    Coordinate terms: junior miss, misses
  4. (countable, chiefly US, Philippines) A third-year student at a high school or university.
  5. (countable, law) A junior barrister.

Translations

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Verb

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junior (third-person singular simple present juniors, present participle junioring, simple past and past participle juniored)

  1. (ambitransitive) To work in a junior role (on something).
    • 2013, Mick Lowe, Conspiracy of Brothers, page 325:
      Greenspan had juniored the Demeter murder trial with defence lawyer Joe Pomerant and was, by 1980, well on his way to becoming the most renowned criminal lawyer in Canada.
    • 2016, Rainier George Weiner, Living on Lifesavers:
      Stephens brought with him a general manager, Bob Rodgers. Bob […] never let adversity faze him. He was always in charge. Mr. Rodgers could dance just enough to do some junioring, but acted primarily as a sales manager.
  2. (transitive) To have juniors (more advanced students) assist in instructing (beginners).
    • 2006, Jim and Leann Rathbone, James Mitose and the Path of Kenpo
      The technique of "junioring" beginners and the first five lesson plan and private lessons were adaptations developed at that time. They are credited with the Americanization of Karate as a business as well as a martial art.

Further reading

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  • “junior”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Latin junior.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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junior m (plural junioren or juniors, diminutive junioortje n)

  1. junior (younger or lower-ranked person, for example in job titles)

Coordinate terms

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin juniorem; Doublet of geindre. Cf. also the inherited Old French oblique case gignor.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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junior m or f by sense (plural juniors)

  1. (sports) junior

Derived terms

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Adjective

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junior (plural juniors)

  1. junior (all senses)

See also

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Further reading

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iunior (“younger”), from Latin iuvenis (“young”).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈjunijor]
  • Hyphenation: ju‧ni‧or
  • Rhymes: -or

Noun

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junior

  1. (sports) junior
    Synonym: ifjúsági

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative junior juniorok
accusative juniort juniorokat
dative juniornak junioroknak
instrumental juniorral juniorokkal
causal-final juniorért juniorokért
translative juniorrá juniorokká
terminative juniorig juniorokig
essive-formal juniorként juniorokként
essive-modal — —
inessive juniorban juniorokban
superessive junioron juniorokon
adessive juniornál junioroknál
illative juniorba juniorokba
sublative juniorra juniorokra
allative juniorhoz juniorokhoz
elative juniorból juniorokból
delative juniorról juniorokról
ablative juniortól junioroktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		junioré junioroké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		junioréi juniorokéi

References

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  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

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  • junior in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Indonesian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin junior, iūnior.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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junior (comparative lebih junior, superlative paling junior)

  1. junior (having a subordinate role, job, or situation)
  2. junior (belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life)

Antonyms

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Further reading

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Latin

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Adjective

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jūnior (comparative, neuter jūnius); third declension

  1. comparative degree of juvenis

Declension

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Third-declension comparative adjective.

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative jūnior jūnius jūniōrēs jūniōra
genitive jūniōris jūniōrum
dative jūniōrī jūniōribus
accusative jūniōrem jūnius jūniōrēs
jūniōrīs 		jūniōra
ablative jūniōre
jūniōrī 		jūniōribus
vocative jūnior jūnius jūniōrēs jūniōra

References

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin iūnior.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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junior m pers (female equivalent juniorka)

  1. (humorous, literary) junior (youngest member of the family by age)
    Antonyms: nestor, senior
  2. junior (athlete who is under the age recommended for a sport, usually nineteen years of age)
    Antonym: senior
    Hypernym: sportowiec

Noun

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junior m pers

  1. Jr. (title used after a son's name when his father has the same name)
    Antonym: senior

Declension

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Declension of junior
singular plural
nominative junior juniorzy/juniory (deprecative)
genitive juniora juniorów
dative juniorowi juniorom
accusative juniora juniorów
instrumental juniorem juniorami
locative juniorze juniorach
vocative juniorze juniorzy

Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns

Further reading

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  • junior in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • junior in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • junior in PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French junior or Latin junior.

Adjective

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junior m or n (feminine singular junioră, masculine plural juniori, feminine and neuter plural juniore)

  1. junior

Declension

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Declension of junior
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite junior junioră juniori juniore
definite juniorul juniora juniorii juniorele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite junior juniore juniori juniore
definite juniorului juniorei juniorilor juniorelor

Noun

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junior m (plural juniori)

  1. junior

Declension

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Declension of junior
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative junior juniorul juniori juniorii
genitive-dative junior juniorului juniori juniorilor
vocative juniorule juniorilor
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