Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kalma, likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma (whence e.g. Erzya калмо (kalmo, grave)) and a doublet with kuolema.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑlmɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝lmɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlmɑ
  • Syllabification(key): kal‧ma

Noun

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kalma (literary)

  1. death
    Synonyms: see kuolema
    kalman hajuthe odor of death

Declension

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Inflection of kalma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative kalma kalmat
genitive kalman kalmojen
partitive kalmaa kalmoja
illative kalmaan kalmoihin
singular plural
nominative kalma kalmat
accusative nom. kalma kalmat
gen. kalman
genitive kalman kalmojen
kalmain rare
partitive kalmaa kalmoja
inessive kalmassa kalmoissa
elative kalmasta kalmoista
illative kalmaan kalmoihin
adessive kalmalla kalmoilla
ablative kalmalta kalmoilta
allative kalmalle kalmoille
essive kalmana kalmoina
translative kalmaksi kalmoiksi
abessive kalmatta kalmoitta
instructive kalmoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of kalma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kalmani kalmani
accusative nom. kalmani kalmani
gen. kalmani
genitive kalmani kalmojeni
kalmaini rare
partitive kalmaani kalmojani
inessive kalmassani kalmoissani
elative kalmastani kalmoistani
illative kalmaani kalmoihini
adessive kalmallani kalmoillani
ablative kalmaltani kalmoiltani
allative kalmalleni kalmoilleni
essive kalmanani kalmoinani
translative kalmakseni kalmoikseni
abessive kalmattani kalmoittani
instructive
comitative kalmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kalmasi kalmasi
accusative nom. kalmasi kalmasi
gen. kalmasi
genitive kalmasi kalmojesi
kalmaisi rare
partitive kalmaasi kalmojasi
inessive kalmassasi kalmoissasi
elative kalmastasi kalmoistasi
illative kalmaasi kalmoihisi
adessive kalmallasi kalmoillasi
ablative kalmaltasi kalmoiltasi
allative kalmallesi kalmoillesi
essive kalmanasi kalmoinasi
translative kalmaksesi kalmoiksesi
abessive kalmattasi kalmoittasi
instructive
comitative kalmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kalmamme kalmamme
accusative nom. kalmamme kalmamme
gen. kalmamme
genitive kalmamme kalmojemme
kalmaimme rare
partitive kalmaamme kalmojamme
inessive kalmassamme kalmoissamme
elative kalmastamme kalmoistamme
illative kalmaamme kalmoihimme
adessive kalmallamme kalmoillamme
ablative kalmaltamme kalmoiltamme
allative kalmallemme kalmoillemme
essive kalmanamme kalmoinamme
translative kalmaksemme kalmoiksemme
abessive kalmattamme kalmoittamme
instructive
comitative kalmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kalmanne kalmanne
accusative nom. kalmanne kalmanne
gen. kalmanne
genitive kalmanne kalmojenne
kalmainne rare
partitive kalmaanne kalmojanne
inessive kalmassanne kalmoissanne
elative kalmastanne kalmoistanne
illative kalmaanne kalmoihinne
adessive kalmallanne kalmoillanne
ablative kalmaltanne kalmoiltanne
allative kalmallenne kalmoillenne
essive kalmananne kalmoinanne
translative kalmaksenne kalmoiksenne
abessive kalmattanne kalmoittanne
instructive
comitative kalmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative kalmansa kalmansa
accusative nom. kalmansa kalmansa
gen. kalmansa
genitive kalmansa kalmojensa
kalmainsa rare
partitive kalmaansa kalmojaan
kalmojansa
inessive kalmassaan
kalmassansa
kalmoissaan
kalmoissansa
elative kalmastaan
kalmastansa
kalmoistaan
kalmoistansa
illative kalmaansa kalmoihinsa
adessive kalmallaan
kalmallansa
kalmoillaan
kalmoillansa
ablative kalmaltaan
kalmaltansa
kalmoiltaan
kalmoiltansa
allative kalmalleen
kalmallensa
kalmoilleen
kalmoillensa
essive kalmanaan
kalmanansa
kalmoinaan
kalmoinansa
translative kalmakseen
kalmaksensa
kalmoikseen
kalmoiksensa
abessive kalmattaan
kalmattansa
kalmoittaan
kalmoittansa
instructive
comitative kalmoineen
kalmoinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hausa

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Etymology

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From Arabic كَلِمَة (kalima).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kál.màː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [kál.màː]

Noun

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kalmā̀ f (plural kalmōmī, possessed form kalmàr̃)

  1. word

Etymology

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Borrowed from English calmFrench calmeItalian calmoSpanish calmo. Decision no. 14, Progreso II.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kalma

  1. (objects, people or figuratively) calm, still, placid

Usage notes

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Kalma indicates a completely passive and material state that does not move: maro kalma a calm sea (i.e. not agitated by the wind). Tranquila has the sense of simultaneously material and mental, but preferably active: which does not agitate itself, does not move itself without usefulness or reason: vicini tranquila tranquil neighborhoods (which are not noisy). Lastly, quieta expresses a mental state, better defined by its opposition desquieteso (disquietude, inquietude) and desquieta (disquiet).

Derived terms

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References

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  • Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 713
  • Progreso II (in Ido), 1909–1910, page 578
  • kalma in Ido-English Dictionary by L. H. Dyer, 1924

Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kalma. Cognates include Finnish kalma and Estonian kalm.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kalma

  1. burial mound
    • 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Maaroi Tarinaisista, “1455. Soikkola, Viistinä. III 326.”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[2], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 14-15:
      Ku katson meroin kivvooja // Niiku suuren kalman päälle:
      When I look at the stones of the sea // It's like a big burial mound:
  2. (in the plural) graveyard

Declension

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Declension of kalma (type 3/kana, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative kalma kalmat
genitive kalman kalmoin
partitive kalmaa kalmoja
illative kalmaa kalmoi
inessive kalmaas kalmois
elative kalmast kalmoist
allative kalmalle kalmoille
adessive kalmaal kalmoil
ablative kalmalt kalmoilt
translative kalmaks kalmoiks
essive kalmanna, kalmaan kalmoinna, kalmoin
exessive1) kalmant kalmoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 128

Kabuverdianu

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Portuguese acalmar.

Verb

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kalma

  1. (Sotavento) to calm
    Synonyms: (Sotavento) branda, (Barlavento) sosegá

References

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  • Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
  • Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

Kapampangan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kəlˈmaʔ/ [kəlˈmäʔ]

Noun

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kalmâ

  1. fate; fortune

Descendants

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  • Tagalog: kalma

Livonian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kalma.

Noun

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kalma

  1. grave

Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Spanish calma, from Late Latin cauma, ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kalma (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)

  1. calmness; peace; stillness
    Synonyms: hinahon, pagkahinahon, kapayapaan
  2. silence
    Synonym: katahimikan

Adjective

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kalmá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)

  1. calm; peaceful; still
    Synonyms: kalmado, mahinahon, payapa
  2. silent
    Synonym: tahimik

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Kapampangan kalma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kalmâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)

  1. good fortune or pleasure

Further reading

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  • kalma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018