kalma
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kalma, likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma (whence e.g. Erzya калмо (kalmo, “grave”)) and a doublet with kuolema.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkalma (literary)
Declension
editInflection of kalma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kalma | kalmat | |
genitive | kalman | kalmojen | |
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja | |
illative | kalmaan | kalmoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kalma | kalmat | |
accusative | nom. | kalma | kalmat |
gen. | kalman | ||
genitive | kalman | kalmojen kalmain rare | |
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja | |
inessive | kalmassa | kalmoissa | |
elative | kalmasta | kalmoista | |
illative | kalmaan | kalmoihin | |
adessive | kalmalla | kalmoilla | |
ablative | kalmalta | kalmoilta | |
allative | kalmalle | kalmoille | |
essive | kalmana | kalmoina | |
translative | kalmaksi | kalmoiksi | |
abessive | kalmatta | kalmoitta | |
instructive | — | kalmoin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “kalma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
editHausa
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editIdo
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English calm, French calme, Italian calmo, Spanish calmo. Decision no. 14, Progreso II.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editkalma
- (objects, people or figuratively) calm, still, placid
Usage notes
editKalma indicates a completely passive and material state that does not move: maro kalma a calm sea (i.e. not agitated by the wind). Tranquila has the sense of simultaneously material and mental, but preferably active: which does not agitate itself, does not move itself without usefulness or reason: vicini tranquila tranquil neighborhoods (which are not noisy). Lastly, quieta expresses a mental state, better defined by its opposition desquieteso (“disquietude, inquietude”) and desquieta (“disquiet”).
Derived terms
edit- kalmeskar (“to calm”) (intransitive)
- kalmigar (“to calm”) (transitive)
- kalmigiva (“anodyne, sedative”)
- kalmigivo (“anodyne, sedative”)
References
editIngrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kalma. Cognates include Finnish kalma and Estonian kalm.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑlmɑ/, [ˈkɑɫm]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑlmɑ/, [ˈkɑɫmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑlm, -ɑlmɑ
- Hyphenation: kal‧ma
Noun
editkalma
- burial mound
- 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Maaroi Tarinaisista, “1455. Soikkola, Viistinä. III 326.”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[2], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 14-15:
- Ku katson meroin kivvooja // Niiku suuren kalman päälle:
- When I look at the stones of the sea // It's like a big burial mound:
- (in the plural) graveyard
Declension
editDeclension of kalma (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kalma | kalmat |
genitive | kalman | kalmoin |
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja |
illative | kalmaa | kalmoi |
inessive | kalmaas | kalmois |
elative | kalmast | kalmoist |
allative | kalmalle | kalmoille |
adessive | kalmaal | kalmoil |
ablative | kalmalt | kalmoilt |
translative | kalmaks | kalmoiks |
essive | kalmanna, kalmaan | kalmoinna, kalmoin |
exessive1) | kalmant | kalmoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
edit- (burial mound): hautapeentara
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 128
Kabuverdianu
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Portuguese acalmar.
Verb
editkalma
References
edit- Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
- Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro
Kapampangan
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkalmâ
Descendants
edit- → Tagalog: kalma
Livonian
editAlternative forms
edit- (Courland) kālma
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kalma.
Noun
editkalma
Tagalog
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Spanish calma, from Late Latin cauma, ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: kal‧ma
Noun
editkalma (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
- calmness; peace; stillness
- Synonyms: hinahon, pagkahinahon, kapayapaan
- silence
- Synonym: katahimikan
Adjective
editkalmá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Kapampangan kalma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kalˈmaʔ/ [kɐlˈmaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: kal‧ma
Noun
editkalmâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
Further reading
edit- “kalma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlmɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlmɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish literary terms
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- fi:Death
- Hausa terms borrowed from Arabic
- Hausa terms derived from Arabic
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa nouns
- Hausa feminine nouns
- Ido terms borrowed from English
- Ido terms derived from English
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms approved in Progreso II
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido adjectives
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlm
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlm/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlmɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlmɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese
- Kabuverdianu lemmas
- Kabuverdianu verbs
- Sotavento Kabuverdianu
- Kapampangan terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kapampangan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kapampangan lemmas
- Kapampangan nouns
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian nouns
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Late Latin
- Tagalog terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/alma
- Rhymes:Tagalog/alma/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog adjectives
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Kapampangan
- Tagalog terms derived from Kapampangan
- Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit
- Tagalog doublets
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with maragsa pronunciation