kirkua

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kirkudak, possibly borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *skrīkijaną, if not onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkirkuɑˣ/, [ˈk̟irkuɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -irkuɑ
• Syllabification^(key): kir‧ku‧a

Verb

kirkua

1. (intransitive) to scream, shriek, cry out (let out a high-pitched scream)

Conjugation

The weak forms with kiru- are entirely regular, but not commonly used.

Inflection of kirkua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k-∅ gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kirun	en kiru	1st sing.	olen kirkunut	en ole kirkunut
2nd sing.		kirut	et kiru	2nd sing.	olet kirkunut	et ole kirkunut
3rd sing.		kirkuu	ei kiru	3rd sing.	on kirkunut	ei ole kirkunut
1st plur.		kirumme	emme kiru	1st plur.	olemme kirkuneet	emme ole kirkuneet
2nd plur.		kirutte	ette kiru	2nd plur.	olette kirkuneet	ette ole kirkuneet
3rd plur.		kirkuvat	eivät kiru	3rd plur.	ovat kirkuneet	eivät ole kirkuneet
passive		kirutaan	ei kiruta	passive	on kiruttu	ei ole kiruttu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kiruin	en kirkunut	1st sing.	olin kirkunut	en ollut kirkunut
2nd sing.		kiruit	et kirkunut	2nd sing.	olit kirkunut	et ollut kirkunut
3rd sing.		kirkui	ei kirkunut	3rd sing.	oli kirkunut	ei ollut kirkunut
1st plur.		kiruimme	emme kirkuneet	1st plur.	olimme kirkuneet	emme olleet kirkuneet
2nd plur.		kiruitte	ette kirkuneet	2nd plur.	olitte kirkuneet	ette olleet kirkuneet
3rd plur.		kirkuivat	eivät kirkuneet	3rd plur.	olivat kirkuneet	eivät olleet kirkuneet
passive		kiruttiin	ei kiruttu	passive	oli kiruttu	ei ollut kiruttu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kirkuisin	en kirkuisi	1st sing.	olisin kirkunut	en olisi kirkunut
2nd sing.		kirkuisit	et kirkuisi	2nd sing.	olisit kirkunut	et olisi kirkunut
3rd sing.		kirkuisi	ei kirkuisi	3rd sing.	olisi kirkunut	ei olisi kirkunut
1st plur.		kirkuisimme	emme kirkuisi	1st plur.	olisimme kirkuneet	emme olisi kirkuneet
2nd plur.		kirkuisitte	ette kirkuisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kirkuneet	ette olisi kirkuneet
3rd plur.		kirkuisivat	eivät kirkuisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kirkuneet	eivät olisi kirkuneet
passive		kiruttaisiin	ei kiruttaisi	passive	olisi kiruttu	ei olisi kiruttu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kiru	älä kiru	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kirkukoon	älköön kirkuko	3rd sing.	olkoon kirkunut	älköön olko kirkunut
1st plur.		kirkukaamme	älkäämme kirkuko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kirkukaa	älkää kirkuko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kirkukoot	älkööt kirkuko	3rd plur.	olkoot kirkuneet	älkööt olko kirkuneet
passive		kiruttakoon	älköön kiruttako	passive	olkoon kiruttu	älköön olko kiruttu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kirkunen	en kirkune	1st sing.	lienen kirkunut	en liene kirkunut
2nd sing.		kirkunet	et kirkune	2nd sing.	lienet kirkunut	et liene kirkunut
3rd sing.		kirkunee	ei kirkune	3rd sing.	lienee kirkunut	ei liene kirkunut
1st plur.		kirkunemme	emme kirkune	1st plur.	lienemme kirkuneet	emme liene kirkuneet
2nd plur.		kirkunette	ette kirkune	2nd plur.	lienette kirkuneet	ette liene kirkuneet
3rd plur.		kirkunevat	eivät kirkune	3rd plur.	lienevät kirkuneet	eivät liene kirkuneet
passive		kiruttaneen	ei kiruttane	passive	lienee kiruttu	ei liene kiruttu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kirkua		present	kirkuva	kiruttava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kirkuakseni kirkuaksemme 2nd kirkuaksesi kirkuaksenne 3rd kirkuakseen kirkuaksensa		past	kirkunut	kiruttu
2nd	inessive2	kirkuessa	kiruttaessa	agent3	kirkuma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kirkuessani kirkuessamme 2nd kirkuessasi kirkuessanne 3rd kirkuessaan kirkuessansa		negative	kirkumaton
	instructive	kirkuen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	kirkumassa	—
	elative	kirkumasta	—
	illative	kirkumaan	—
	adessive	kirkumalla	—
	abessive	kirkumatta	—
	instructive	kirkuman	kiruttaman
4th4	verbal noun	kirkuminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kirkumaisillani kirkumaisillamme 2nd kirkumaisillasi kirkumaisillanne 3rd kirkumaisillaan kirkumaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• kirkuja
• kirkuminen
• kirkuna

 

verbs

• kirahtaa
• kirkaista

 

compounds

• kirkupöllö
• kirkupöllönen

 

Further reading

• “kirkua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• kurkia, rikkua, urkkia