kur
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
kur
Ainu edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kur (Kana spelling クㇽ, plural utar)
Usage notes edit
This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者 (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.
See also edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Albanian *kur, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷur; cognate to Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”), Old Armenian ուր (ur, “id”), etc. See also Albanian ku (“where”).[1][2][3][4]
Less likely from Latin quā hōrā.
Pronoun edit
kur
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kur”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
- ^ The template Template:R:sq:Vasmer:1921 does not use the parameter(s):
p=34
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Vasmer, Max (1921) Studien zur albanischen Wortforschung (Acta et commentationes 34 Universitatis Dorpatensis; 1) (in German), Dorpat - ^ The template Template:R:sq:Orel:2000 does not use the parameter(s):
p=280
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN - ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “227-228”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
Chipaya edit
Noun edit
kur
References edit
- Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz, Katja Hannß, Chipaya case markers -kiś and -kin: Subject and speaker reference (2008)
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kurъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kur m anim
- a group of bird genera in the Phasianidae family, composed of Bambusicola, Galloperdix, Gallus, and Ptilopachus
- especially, the common household chicken (Gallus gallus, sometimes Gallus gallus domesticus)
- (archaic) rooster
- Synonym: kohout
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ur
Noun edit
kur c (singular definite kuren, plural indefinite kure)
Inflection edit
Eastern Cham edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kur
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kur (not comparable)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kur | kurok |
accusative | kurt | kurokat |
dative | kurnak | kuroknak |
instrumental | kurral | kurokkal |
causal-final | kurért | kurokért |
translative | kurrá | kurokká |
terminative | kurig | kurokig |
essive-formal | kurként | kurokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kurban | kurokban |
superessive | kuron | kurokon |
adessive | kurnál | kuroknál |
illative | kurba | kurokba |
sublative | kurra | kurokra |
allative | kurhoz | kurokhoz |
elative | kurból | kurokból |
delative | kurról | kurokról |
ablative | kurtól | kuroktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kuré | kuroké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kuréi | kurokéi |
Latgalian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ku. Cognates include Latvian kur and Lithuanian kur.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
kur
References edit
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN
Latvian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Baltic *kur, from the same Proto-Indo-European stem *kʷu-, *kʷo- as the interrogative pronoun kas (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian kur̃, Old Church Slavonic къде (kŭde) (cf. Russian где (gde)), Sanskrit कुह (kúha).[1]
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Adverb edit
kur
- (in questions involving location) where? in what place?
- kur atrodas jūsu māja? ― where is your house located?
- kur tu strādā? ― where do you work?
- kur viņš dzīvo? ― where does he live?
- “kur Kristīne? iekšā?” Edgars rādīja uz barona istabām ― “where (is) Christne? inside?” Edgars showed the baron's rooms
- (in questions involving motion towards) where? where to? to what place? whither?
- kur tu iesi? ― where will you go?
- (often in combination with other adverbs like kaut, citur, tur) indicates an indeterminate or unknown place; where, wherever, somewhere
- kaut kur ― somewhere
- kur nekur ― somewhere
- kur tur ― somewhere
- kur citur ― elsewhere, somewhere else
- citur kur ― elsewhere, somewhere else
- viņš raudzījās visapkārt, vai vēl kur nekūpēja ― he looked all around, even (there) where it wasn't smoking
- kaut kur nodimdēja pēdējās tramvajs, vientuļs un drusku noguris ― somewhere the last tram was rumbling (along), lonely and a little tired
- bet vai, uz balli ejot, nevar apmaldīties un nokļūt kur citur? — but can't (you), while going to the ball, get lost and end up somewhere else?
- (usually in a rhetorical question or as part of an interjection or interjective expression) indicates denial, impossibility
- kur nu! ― lit. where now! (= what?! of course not! what an idea! what are you talking about?)
- kur tad ― lit. where then (indicating doubt, impossibility)
- kur šim nauda būs, kad pa krogu vien dzīvoja? ― how on earth (lit. where) will this one (= guy) have money, when (= since) he used to live in the bar (doing nothing)?
- Anneli nekur nelaida, un viņa arī nevarēja paiet; kā soli spēra, tā sapinās lakatos un novēlās... kur viņai arī vajadzēja iet! ― (they) didn't let Annele (go) anywhere, and she couldn't walk anyway; when she tried a step, she got entangled in (the) scarves and fell down... where should she go anyway!
- “es kādreiz domāju, auskari vairs nav modē...” “kur nu! vismodernākā lieta!” — “I sometimes think that earrings are no longer fashionable...” “what are you talking about?! (earrings are) the most modern (= fashionable) thing!”
- used to stress the degree of a quality, or to add emotional intensity; syn. cik; how..., how much..., what a...
- Sals domājis: “sasodīts, kur tas zaķis stiprs!” — Frost thought: “damn! what a strong hare!”
- visi aizsteidzas uz pūķa pili meitu apraudzīt... kur tā bija priecīga, asaras raudādama, puisītim-brālītim tūlīt gar ap kaklu! ― everybody hurried to the dragon's palace to look at the girl... how happy she was, crying tears, with the little boy, (her) brother, around her neck (= hugging her)!
- used to make an utterance more expressive, to strengthen it; ah...! what happened to...!
- kur tas laiks, sulas kad urbu! ― ah! (lit. where) that time, when I used to drill (holes on trees, to get) sap!
- (with a complement participial verb in -dams) used to indicate concession; let ... wherever
- lai brauc kur braukdams ― let him go wherever he will!
- lai rakstnieks ietu kur iedams, darītu ko darīdams ― let the writer go wherever he will go, (let him) do whatever he will do
- (with an infinitive verb) indicates a place related to the action described by the verb; (a place) where, anywhere, somewhere
- nezināja kur skriet ― he didn't know where to run
- nav kur iet ― (there) isn't anywhere to go
- nav kur drēbes glabāt ― (he) doesn't have where (= a place) to keep (his) clothes
- Gaužens gan saka, ka varētu iztikt ar kaļķiem, bet tos pašus arī nav kur ņemt ― Gaužens indeed said that they could do with lime, but there isn't anywhere to take (= get, find) it
- viņa nokāpa pēc ūdens, lai būtu kur nomazgāt gaidāmo bērnu ― she went down for (= near) the water, so that there would be where (= some place where) to wash the upcoming baby
Synonyms edit
- (where to): kurp
Conjunction edit
kur
- where; used to introduce subordinate clauses indicating location and relating to elements of the main clause with various different functions:
- (a) subject:
- ja slimnieks sūdzas par sāpēm pakrūtē, tad jānoskaidro, kur īsti sāp, vairāk pa labi... vai pa kreisi... ― if the patient complains of chest pain, then (we) must find out where it really hurts, more to the right... or to the left...
- (b) predicate:
- vistrokšņainākā istaba redakcijā bija tā, kur strādāja lauksaimniecības nodaļas līdzstrādnieki ― the noisiest room in the editorial office was the one where the associates of the agriculture department worked
- (c) attribute, secondary predicate:
- gravu ienaidnieks uzskatīja par vietu, kur katrā ziņā vajag būt sapulcētiem uzbrūkošajiem spēkiem ― the enemy considered a ravine a place where in all respects there must be assembled attacking forces
- {d} attribute, with purpose meaning
- itin kā zemes trūktu, kur dārzu stādīt ― as if there was no land where to plant a garden
- (e) direct object (e.g., reporting a question)
- tātad taisnība un brīvība nav vis pavisam pazudušas: Jēkabs zina, kur tās paslēptas ― so, truth and freedom were not completely lost: Jēkabs knew where they (were) hidden
- sveicināti! vai jūs man neparādītu, kur dzīvo Dzenes? ― hello! wouldn't you (= would you please) show me where the Dzenes live?
- kur dūmi, tur siltums ― where (there is) smoke, (there is also) heat
- labi, labi! ņem sievu un bērnus un ej, kur esi nācis! OK, OK! get (your) wife and children and go (back) where you came from!
- allaž gribas nokļūt tur, kur esmu jau bijis ― (I) always feel like going where I have already been (before)
- Andriksons stāvēja turpat, kur stāvējis, stīvs un mēms ― Andriksons stood right there where he had stopped, stiff and speechless
- kur vien Liena parādījās, tur skumjas bēga kā nakts no dienas ― wherever Liena showed herself, there sadness ran (away) like the night from the day
- kur tik vien māceklis pieķeras, visur notik klizma ― wherever the apprentice tried to do something, accidents happened
- lai kur tu dzīvotu, jaunais draugs, lai cik klusa būtu tava sēta, tu allaž sasniegsi draugus ― wherever you may live, young friend, no matter how quiet your little ranch is, you will always obtain friends
- viņš ir tik karsts un nikns... lai kur kāds runā, viņš tūdaļ pretī ar savu ― he is so hot (= angry) and wild... wherever someone is speaking, he immediately reacts with his (comments, counterarguments)
Pronoun edit
kur (relative)
- where; used to link a component of a subordinate clause with a component of a main clause, expressing a locative relation
- Janka ienira pavadītāju drūzmā, kur neviens nepiegrieza viņam vērību ― Janka dived into the accompanying crowd, where nobody would pay attention to him
- māte priecājās par sieru un iebāza to, drusku nogaršojusi, kabatā, kur tas pazuda kā akā ― mother was happy about the cheese and put it, after tasting a little, in (her) pocket, where it disappeared as if in a well
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
A form of the verb kurt (q.v.).
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Verb edit
kur
- inflection of kurt:
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of kurt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of kurt
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kur”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from an r-extension of Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
kur
- where
- Kur esi? ― Where are you?
Pronoun edit
kur
References edit
- ^ Wojciech Smoczyński (2018) “kur̃”, in Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang, , →ISBN, page 326
Middle English edit
Noun edit
kur
- Alternative form of curre
Northern Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kur m
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
- →? Turkish: kıro (from the vocative case)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurer, definite plural kurene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurer, definite plural kurene)
- court (royal court, to pay court)
References edit
- “kur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurar, definite plural kurane)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurar, definite plural kurane)
- court (royal court, to pay court)
References edit
- “kur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kurъ.
Noun edit
kur m animal (diminutive kurek)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognates include Russian корь (korʹ) and Ukrainian кір (kir).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
kur m inan
- (obsolete) rubella, German measles (disease caused by Rubella virus)
- Synonym: różyczka
Declension edit
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
kur f pl
Further reading edit
- kur in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- kur in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kur”, in Słownik języka polskiego[3] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 638
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
kur
- Romanization of 𒆳 (kur)
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Middle Low German kūr, related to kūren (origin of German kauern and English cower).
Noun edit
kur c
- a small shed or roof, a shelter or sentry-box
Declension edit
Declension of kur | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | kur | kuren | kurer | kurerna |
Genitive | kurs | kurens | kurers | kurernas |
Declension of kur | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | kur | kuren | kurar | kurarna |
Genitive | kurs | kurens | kurars | kurarnas |
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kur c
Declension edit
Declension of kur | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | kur | kuren | kurer | kurerna |
Genitive | kurs | kurens | kurers | kurernas |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- kur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- kur in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- kur in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Tat edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Persian کور (kur).
Adjective edit
kur
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
kur (definite accusative kuru, plural kurlar)
- exchange rate
- course (learning program)
Declension edit
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Nominative | kur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | kuru | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kur | kurlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | kuru | kurları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | kura | kurlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | kurda | kurlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | kurdan | kurlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | kurun | kurların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
kur