ladrar

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ladrar, from Latin lātrāre, present active infinitive of lātrō (“I bark”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laˈðɾaɾ/

Verb

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladrei, past participle ladrado)

1. to bark

   Synonym: latir

   • 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 438:

     Os çenoçéfalis an o rrostro moy longo en figura de cã; et nõ falã cõmo homes, mays ladrã cõmo cães, pero que an todo seu siso entrego.

     The Cynocephali have a very long face, such as that of a dog; and they don't speak as men, but they bark as dogs do, but still they have the whole of their intelligence

2. (figurative) to complain

   Synonym: rosmar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ladrar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ladrar
Personal	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladraren
Gerund
	ladrando
Past participle
Masculine	ladrado			ladrados
Feminine	ladrada			ladradas
Indicative
Present	ladro	ladras	ladra	ladramos	ladrades	ladran
Imperfect	ladraba	ladrabas	ladraba	ladrabamos	ladrabades	ladraban
Preterite	ladrei	ladraches	ladrou	ladramos	ladrastes	ladraron
Pluperfect	ladrara	ladraras	ladrara	ladraramos	ladrarades	ladraran
Future	ladrarei	ladrarás	ladrará	ladraremos	ladraredes	ladrarán
Conditional	ladraría	ladrarías	ladraría	ladrariamos	ladrariades	ladrarían
Subjunctive
Present	ladre	ladres	ladre	ladremos	ladredes	ladren
Imperfect	ladrase	ladrases	ladrase	ladrásemos	ladrásedes	ladrasen
Future	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladraren
Imperative
Affirmative		ladra	ladre	ladremos	ladrade	ladren
Negative (non)		non ladres	non ladre	non ladremos	non ladredes	non ladren

    Reintegrated conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ladrar
Personal	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladrarem
Gerund
	ladrando
Past participle
Masculine	ladrado			ladrados
Feminine	ladrada			ladradas
Indicative
Present	ladro	ladras	ladra	ladramos	ladrades, ladrais	ladram
Imperfect	ladrava	ladravas	ladrava	ladrávamos	ladrávades, ladráveis, ladrávais1	ladravam
Preterite	ladrei	ladraste, ladrache1	ladrou	ladramos	ladrastes	ladrárom, ladraram
Pluperfect	ladrara	ladraras	ladrara	ladráramos	ladrárades, ladráreis, ladrárais1	ladraram
Future	ladrarei	ladrarás	ladrará	ladraremos	ladraredes, ladrareis	ladrarám, ladrarão
Conditional	ladraria	ladrarias	ladraria	ladraríamos	ladraríades, ladraríeis, ladraríais1	ladrariam
Subjunctive
Present	ladre	ladres	ladre	ladremos	ladredes, ladreis	ladrem
Imperfect	ladrasse	ladrasses	ladrasse	ladrássemos	ladrássedes, ladrásseis	ladrassem
Future	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		ladra	ladre	ladremos	ladrade, ladrai	ladrem
Negative (nom)		nom ladres	nom ladre	nom ladremos	nom ladredes, nom ladreis	nom ladrem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• ladra
• ladradela
• ladro

References

• “ladrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “ladr” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “ladrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “ladrar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “ladrar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “ladrar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “ladrar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ladrar, from Latin lātrāre (“to bark”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /laˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [laˈdɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /laˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [laˈdɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /laˈdɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /laˈdɾa(ʁ)/ [laˈdɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /laˈdɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /lɐˈdɾaɾ/ [lɐˈðɾaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /lɐˈdɾaɾ/ [lɐˈðɾaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /lɐˈdɾa.ɾi/ [lɐˈðɾa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: la‧drar

Verb

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladrei, past participle ladrado)

1. (of dogs) to bark

   Synonym: latir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ladrar
Personal	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladrarem
Gerund
	ladrando
Past participle
Masculine	ladrado			ladrados
Feminine	ladrada			ladradas
Indicative
Present	ladro	ladras	ladra	ladramos	ladrais	ladram
Imperfect	ladrava	ladravas	ladrava	ladrávamos	ladráveis	ladravam
Preterite	ladrei	ladraste	ladrou	ladramos1, ladrámos2	ladrastes	ladraram
Pluperfect	ladrara	ladraras	ladrara	ladráramos	ladráreis	ladraram
Future	ladrarei	ladrarás	ladrará	ladraremos	ladrareis	ladrarão
Conditional	ladraria	ladrarias	ladraria	ladraríamos	ladraríeis	ladrariam
Subjunctive
Present	ladre	ladres	ladre	ladremos	ladreis	ladrem
Imperfect	ladrasse	ladrasses	ladrasse	ladrássemos	ladrásseis	ladrassem
Future	ladrar	ladrares	ladrar	ladrarmos	ladrardes	ladrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		ladra	ladre	ladremos	ladrai	ladrem
Negative (não)		não ladres	não ladre	não ladremos	não ladreis	não ladrem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• cão que ladra não morde
• os cães ladram, mas a caravana passa
• ladrador

See also

• latido

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish ladrar, from Latin lātrāre. Compare English latrate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laˈdɾaɾ/ [laˈð̞ɾaɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: la‧drar

Verb

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladré, past participle ladrado)

1. (intransitive, of dogs) to bark

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			ladrar
gerund			ladrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		ladrado		ladrada
		plural		ladrados		ladradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ladro	ladrastú ladrásvos	ladra	ladramos	ladráis	ladran
	imperfect	ladraba	ladrabas	ladraba	ladrábamos	ladrabais	ladraban
	preterite	ladré	ladraste	ladró	ladramos	ladrasteis	ladraron
	future	ladraré	ladrarás	ladrará	ladraremos	ladraréis	ladrarán
	conditional	ladraría	ladrarías	ladraría	ladraríamos	ladraríais	ladrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ladre	ladrestú ladrésvos2	ladre	ladremos	ladréis	ladren
	imperfect (ra)	ladrara	ladraras	ladrara	ladráramos	ladrarais	ladraran
	imperfect (se)	ladrase	ladrases	ladrase	ladrásemos	ladraseis	ladrasen
	future1	ladrare	ladrares	ladrare	ladráremos	ladrareis	ladraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		ladratú ladrávos	ladre	ladremos	ladrad	ladren
	negative		no ladres	no ladre	no ladremos	no ladréis	no ladren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ladrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive ladrar
	dative	ladrarme	ladrarte	ladrarle, ladrarse	ladrarnos	ladraros	ladrarles, ladrarse
	accusative	ladrarme	ladrarte	ladrarlo, ladrarla, ladrarse	ladrarnos	ladraros	ladrarlos, ladrarlas, ladrarse
with gerund ladrando
	dative	ladrándome	ladrándote	ladrándole, ladrándose	ladrándonos	ladrándoos	ladrándoles, ladrándose
	accusative	ladrándome	ladrándote	ladrándolo, ladrándola, ladrándose	ladrándonos	ladrándoos	ladrándolos, ladrándolas, ladrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ladra
	dative	ládrame	ládrate	ládrale	ládranos	not used	ládrales
	accusative	ládrame	ládrate	ládralo, ládrala	ládranos	not used	ládralos, ládralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ladrá
	dative	ladrame	ladrate	ladrale	ladranos	not used	ladrales
	accusative	ladrame	ladrate	ladralo, ladrala	ladranos	not used	ladralos, ladralas
with formal second-person singular imperative ladre
	dative	ládreme	not used	ládrele, ládrese	ládrenos	not used	ládreles
	accusative	ládreme	not used	ládrelo, ládrela, ládrese	ládrenos	not used	ládrelos, ládrelas
with first-person plural imperative ladremos
	dative	not used	ladrémoste	ladrémosle	ladrémonos	ladrémoos	ladrémosles
	accusative	not used	ladrémoste	ladrémoslo, ladrémosla	ladrémonos	ladrémoos	ladrémoslos, ladrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative ladrad
	dative	ladradme	not used	ladradle	ladradnos	ladraos	ladradles
	accusative	ladradme	not used	ladradlo, ladradla	ladradnos	ladraos	ladradlos, ladradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ladren
	dative	ládrenme	not used	ládrenle	ládrennos	not used	ládrenles, ládrense
	accusative	ládrenme	not used	ládrenlo, ládrenla	ládrennos	not used	ládrenlos, ládrenlas, ládrense

Derived terms

• ladrar a la luna
• ladrar pero no morder
• perro que ladra no muerde

 

Related terms

• ladrido

 

Further reading

• “ladrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014