mandarin
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (General American, Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - (UK, General Australian) IPA(key): /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/
- Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix).
In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人/满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).
Noun edit
mandarin (plural mandarins)
- (historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]
- 1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey[1] (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:
- LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.
- A pedantic or elitist bureaucrat.
- (sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.
- 1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time[2], archived from the original on 2012-11-06:
- Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.
- 2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:
- When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]
- 2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:
- When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.
- (ornithology) Ellipsis of mandarin duck.
- (informal, Britain) A senior civil servant.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Irish: mandairín
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Adjective edit
mandarin (comparative more mandarin, superlative most mandarin)
- Pertaining to or reminiscent of mandarins; deliberately superior or complex; esoteric, highbrow, obscurantist. [from 20th c.]
- 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society, published 2010, page 58:
- A mandarin impassivity had descended over Smiley's face. The earlier emotion was quite gone.
- 2007, Marina Warner, “Doubly Damned”, in London Review of Books, 29:3, p. 26:
- Though alert to riddles' strong roots in vernacular narrative, Cook's tastes are mandarin, and she gives a loving account of Wallace Stevens's meditations on the life of poetic images and simile […].
Etymology 2 edit
From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun edit
mandarin (plural mandarins)
- Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
- A small, sweet citrus fruit.
- A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.
- (color) An orange colour.
- mandarin:
Hypernyms edit
Translations edit
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish mandarín.
Noun edit
mandarin
- mandarin (fruit)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | mandarin | mandarinler |
genitive | mandarinniñ | mandarinlerniñ |
dative | mandaringe | mandarinlerge |
accusative | mandarinni | mandarinlerni |
locative | mandarinde | mandarinlerde |
ablative | mandarinden | mandarinlerden |
References edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese mandarim.
Noun edit
mandarin c (singular definite mandarinen, plural indefinite mandariner)
- mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)
- mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)
Inflection edit
common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinen | mandariner | mandarinerne |
genitive | mandarins | mandarinens | mandariners | mandarinernes |
Noun edit
mandarin n
References edit
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Danish mandarin, from Dutch mandorijn or Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, from Hindi मन्त्रि (mantri), from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”).
Noun edit
mandarin f (genitive singular mandarinar, plural mandarinir)
- mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)
Declension edit
Declension of mandarin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinin | mandarinir | mandarinirnar |
accusative | mandarin | mandarinina | mandarinir | mandarinirnar |
dative | mandarin | mandarinini | mandarinum | mandarinunum |
genitive | mandarinar | mandarinarinnar | mandarina | mandarinanna |
Noun edit
mandarin n (genitive singular mandarins)
Declension edit
Singular | |
Indefinite | |
Nominative | mandarin |
Accusative | mandarin |
Dative | mandarini |
Genitive | mandarins |
See also edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
mandarin (feminine mandarine, masculine plural mandarins, feminine plural mandarines)
- mandarin (of the former Chinese empire)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Breton: mandarin
- → Greek: μανδαρίνος (mandarínos)
Noun edit
mandarin m (uncountable)
- Mandarin (language)
Further reading edit
- “mandarin”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
An internationalism mainly via German, originally from Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri.[1]
Noun edit
mandarin (countable and uncountable, plural mandarinok)
- (historical) mandarin
- Mandarin (language)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinok |
accusative | mandarint | mandarinokat |
dative | mandarinnak | mandarinoknak |
instrumental | mandarinnal | mandarinokkal |
causal-final | mandarinért | mandarinokért |
translative | mandarinná | mandarinokká |
terminative | mandarinig | mandarinokig |
essive-formal | mandarinként | mandarinokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mandarinban | mandarinokban |
superessive | mandarinon | mandarinokon |
adessive | mandarinnál | mandarinoknál |
illative | mandarinba | mandarinokba |
sublative | mandarinra | mandarinokra |
allative | mandarinhoz | mandarinokhoz |
elative | mandarinból | mandarinokból |
delative | mandarinról | mandarinokról |
ablative | mandarintól | mandarinoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
mandariné | mandarinoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
mandarinéi | mandarinokéi |
Possessive forms of mandarin | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mandarinom | mandarinjaim |
2nd person sing. | mandarinod | mandarinjaid |
3rd person sing. | mandarinja | mandarinjai |
1st person plural | mandarinunk | mandarinjaink |
2nd person plural | mandarinotok | mandarinjaitok |
3rd person plural | mandarinjuk | mandarinjaik |
Etymology 2 edit
An internationalism mainly via German, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun edit
mandarin (plural mandarinok)
- mandarin, mandarin orange (fruit)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinok |
accusative | mandarint | mandarinokat |
dative | mandarinnak | mandarinoknak |
instrumental | mandarinnal | mandarinokkal |
causal-final | mandarinért | mandarinokért |
translative | mandarinná | mandarinokká |
terminative | mandarinig | mandarinokig |
essive-formal | mandarinként | mandarinokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mandarinban | mandarinokban |
superessive | mandarinon | mandarinokon |
adessive | mandarinnál | mandarinoknál |
illative | mandarinba | mandarinokba |
sublative | mandarinra | mandarinokra |
allative | mandarinhoz | mandarinokhoz |
elative | mandarinból | mandarinokból |
delative | mandarinról | mandarinokról |
ablative | mandarintól | mandarinoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
mandariné | mandarinoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
mandarinéi | mandarinokéi |
Possessive forms of mandarin | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mandarinom | mandarinjaim |
2nd person sing. | mandarinod | mandarinjaid |
3rd person sing. | mandarinja | mandarinjai |
1st person plural | mandarinunk | mandarinjaink |
2nd person plural | mandarinotok | mandarinjaitok |
3rd person plural | mandarinjuk | mandarinjaik |
References edit
- ^ mandarin in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (Chinese government bureaucrat): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (mandarin orange): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese mandarim (“mandarin”), from Malay menteri (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī, “minister”). Doublet of manti, mantri, and menteri.
Noun edit
mandarin (first-person possessive mandarinku, second-person possessive mandarinmu, third-person possessive mandarinnya)
- mandarin,
- (historical) a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire [from 1580s].
- Mandarin, the language of those official, which is the official language of China and Taiwan.
Etymology 2 edit
From English mandarin (“mandarin orange”), from French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun edit
mandarin (first-person possessive mandarinku, second-person possessive mandarinmu, third-person possessive mandarinnya)
Further reading edit
- “mandarin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.
Noun edit
mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandariner, definite plural mandarinene)
- (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
- a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
- (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange
References edit
- “mandarin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.
Noun edit
mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandarinar, definite plural mandarinane)
- (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
- a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
- (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange
References edit
- “mandarin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French mandarin.
Noun edit
mandarin m (plural mandarini)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) mandarin | mandarinul | (niște) mandarini | mandarinii |
genitive/dative | (unui) mandarin | mandarinului | (unor) mandarini | mandarinilor |
vocative | mandarinule | mandarinilor |
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mandàrīn m (Cyrillic spelling манда̀рӣн)
- mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | mandàrīn | mandarini |
genitive | mandarína | mandarina |
dative | mandarinu | mandarinima |
accusative | mandarina | mandarine |
vocative | mandarine | mandarini |
locative | mandarinu | mandarinima |
instrumental | mandarinom | mandarinima |
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese mandarim.
Noun edit
mandarin c or n
- (common) mandarin orange
- (common, historical) mandarin; a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.
- (uncountable, neuter) Mandarin
Declension edit
Declension of mandarin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mandarin | mandarinen | mandariner | mandarinerna |
Genitive | mandarins | mandarinens | mandariners | mandarinernas |
Declension of mandarin 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | mandarin | mandarinet | — | — |
Genitive | mandarins | mandarinets | — | — |