mennä
See also: menna
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *mendäk, from Proto-Uralic *mene-. Cognates include Karelian männä, Estonian minna, Erzya менемс (menems, “to break free, dispose of”), Hungarian menni.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
mennä
- (intransitive) to go (move; proceed; extend (from A to B); lead (of a path); turn out; be given or allotted)
- mennä nukkumaan ― to go to sleep, go to bed
- mennä liian pitkälle ― to go too far
- (impersonal, third-person) to be spent; take, pass, spend, go (time, resources, etc.) (see usage notes)
- Synonym: kulua
- Hyllyn kokoamiseen meni tunnin verran.
- Assembling the shelf took an hour.
- Siihen olisi voinut mennä kaksikin tuntia.
- It could've taken two hours.
- (+ third infinitive in illative) to go (and [do])
- Miksi sinä menit sellaista tekemään?
- Why did you go and do that?
- (+ illative) to go, fit
- (colloquial) to do, be good enough
Usage notesEdit
- (to be spent; take, pass, spend):
- This usage is intransitive and never receives a direct object. That which is spent is grammatically the subject despite it usually being placed after the verb, like in the usage examples above. The fact that it is a subject can be seen in that it exhibits the nominative case:
- Siihen meni tunti.
- It took an hour.
- In the first usage example, verran is used, and the verb thus neither has a subject nor an object.
- What the resources are spent on (the subject for take) is expressed in the illative case (for verbs, the illative case of the -minen or other action noun) and is often placed before the verb, as if it were a subject.
- This usage is intransitive and never receives a direct object. That which is spent is grammatically the subject despite it usually being placed after the verb, like in the usage examples above. The fact that it is a subject can be seen in that it exhibits the nominative case:
ConjugationEdit
| Inflection of mennä (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | menen | en mene | 1st sing. | olen mennyt | en ole mennyt | |
| 2nd sing. | menet | et mene | 2nd sing. | olet mennyt | et ole mennyt | |
| 3rd sing. | menee | ei mene | 3rd sing. | on mennyt | ei ole mennyt | |
| 1st plur. | menemme | emme mene | 1st plur. | olemme menneet | emme ole menneet | |
| 2nd plur. | menette | ette mene | 2nd plur. | olette menneet | ette ole menneet | |
| 3rd plur. | menevät | eivät mene | 3rd plur. | ovat menneet | eivät ole menneet | |
| passive | mennään | ei mennä | passive | on menty | ei ole menty | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | menin | en mennyt | 1st sing. | olin mennyt | en ollut mennyt | |
| 2nd sing. | menit | et mennyt | 2nd sing. | olit mennyt | et ollut mennyt | |
| 3rd sing. | meni | ei mennyt | 3rd sing. | oli mennyt | ei ollut mennyt | |
| 1st plur. | menimme | emme menneet | 1st plur. | olimme menneet | emme olleet menneet | |
| 2nd plur. | menitte | ette menneet | 2nd plur. | olitte menneet | ette olleet menneet | |
| 3rd plur. | menivät | eivät menneet | 3rd plur. | olivat menneet | eivät olleet menneet | |
| passive | mentiin | ei menty | passive | oli menty | ei ollut menty | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | menisin | en menisi | 1st sing. | olisin mennyt | en olisi mennyt | |
| 2nd sing. | menisit | et menisi | 2nd sing. | olisit mennyt | et olisi mennyt | |
| 3rd sing. | menisi | ei menisi | 3rd sing. | olisi mennyt | ei olisi mennyt | |
| 1st plur. | menisimme | emme menisi | 1st plur. | olisimme menneet | emme olisi menneet | |
| 2nd plur. | menisitte | ette menisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte menneet | ette olisi menneet | |
| 3rd plur. | menisivät | eivät menisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat menneet | eivät olisi menneet | |
| passive | mentäisiin | ei mentäisi | passive | olisi menty | ei olisi menty | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | mene | älä mene | 2nd sing. | ole mennyt | älä ole mennyt | |
| 3rd sing. | menköön | älköön menkö | 3rd sing. | olkoon mennyt | älköön olko mennyt | |
| 1st plur. | menkäämme | älkäämme menkö | 1st plur. | olkaamme menneet | älkäämme olko menneet | |
| 2nd plur. | menkää | älkää menkö | 2nd plur. | olkaa menneet | älkää olko menneet | |
| 3rd plur. | menkööt | älkööt menkö | 3rd plur. | olkoot menneet | älkööt olko menneet | |
| passive | mentäköön | älköön mentäkö | passive | olkoon menty | älköön olko menty | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mennen | en menne | 1st sing. | lienen mennyt | en liene mennyt | |
| 2nd sing. | mennet | et menne | 2nd sing. | lienet mennyt | et liene mennyt | |
| 3rd sing. | mennee | ei menne | 3rd sing. | lienee mennyt | ei liene mennyt | |
| 1st plur. | mennemme | emme menne | 1st plur. | lienemme menneet | emme liene menneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mennette | ette menne | 2nd plur. | lienette menneet | ette liene menneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mennevät | eivät menne | 3rd plur. | lienevät menneet | eivät liene menneet | |
| passive | mentäneen | ei mentäne | passive | lienee menty | ei liene menty | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | mennä | present | menevä | mentävä | ||
| long 1st2 | mennäkseen | past | mennyt | menty | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | mennessä | mentäessä | agent1, 3 | menemä | |
| instructive | mennen | — | negative | menemätön | ||
| 3rd | inessive | menemässä | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | menemästä | — | ||||
| illative | menemään | — | ||||
| adessive | menemällä | — | ||||
| abessive | menemättä | — | ||||
| instructive | menemän | mentämän | ||||
| 4th | nominative | meneminen | ||||
| partitive | menemistä | |||||
| 5th2 | menemäisillään | |||||
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- adjectives: mennyt
- adverbs: meneillä
- nouns: menekki, meno
- phrases: mennä hukkaan (“to go to waste”), mennä kaupaksi (“to sell (well)”), mennä kihloihin (“to get engaged”), mennä manan majoille (“to pass away”), mennä naimisiin (“to get married”), mennä rikki (“to break down”)
- postpositions: mennessä
- verbs: menehtyä, menestyä, causative menettää
KarelianEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
mennä
- Alternative form of männä
LivviEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *mendäk. Cognates include Finnish mennä and Estonian minna.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
mennä
- (intransitive) to go
- (intransitive) to leave
- (intransitive) to fit
- (intransitive, of time) to go by
- (intransitive, of animals) to die
- (intransitive, of foods) to become wasted
ReferencesEdit
- N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 3
- Tatjana Boiko (2019), “mennä”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN