pirkt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
This word is traditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *per-k-, *pr̥k-, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“taking over, past something”) (whence Latvian prepositions par, pār, q.v.), as a verb “to take over, past (somewhere)” > “to take (somewhere) to sell” > “to sell”, with an extra k. With this meaning, cf. Ancient Greek περνάναι (pernánai), πιπράσκειν (pipráskein, “to sell, to export”), and Old Irish renim (“I sell”) (< *pr̥-nā-). In the Baltic languages, the meaning “to sell” became “to buy,” given the nature of buying and selling as two aspects of the same two-sided event. From the same stem also prece (“product, ware, merchandise”), q.v. A more recent suggestion is that pirkt may derive from another Proto-Indo-European stem *per- (“to hit”) (whence pērkons (“thunder”), q.v.), with as original meaning “to rob, to plunder;” in several Indo-European languages, verbs of buying originate from verbs of taking (cf. Latin emere (“to buy”), earlier “to take”). Cognates include Lithuanian pir̃kti.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pirkt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present pērku, pērc, pērk, past pirku)
- to buy, to purchase (to obtain, to acquire something by paying an appropriate amount of money)
- pirkt pārtiku ― to buy groceries
- pirkt lakatu, zābakus ― to buy a scarf, boots
- pirkt gleznu ― to buy a painting
- pirkt biļetes ― to buy tickets
- dārgi, lēti pirkt ― to buy at an expensive, cheap price
- izdēvīgi pirkt ― to buy at a convenient price
- pirkt par skaidru naudu ― to buy (for) cash (lit. for clear money)
- pirkt skaidrā naudā ― to buy cash (lit. in clear money)
- pirkt uz kredīta, uz nomaksu ― to buy on credit, by installments
- viņš brauca uz Igauniju pirkt jaunu zirgu ― he went to Estonia to buy a new horse
- viņa pirka tikai pašu visnepieciešamako ― she bought only the most necessary (things)
- visi pērk, tātad arī man jāpērk ― everybody is buying, so I also have to buy
- (figuratively) to buy (to obtain something with effort, with sacrifice)
- par milzīgu asinscenu pirkta uzvara pār fašismu ― the victory over fascism was bought with an enormous price in blood
Conjugation edit
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | pērku | pirku | pirkšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | pērc | pirki | pirksi | pērc |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | pērk | pirka | pirks | lai pērk |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | pērkam | pirkām | pirksim | pirksim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | pērkat | pirkāt | pirksiet, pirksit |
pērciet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | pērk | pirka | pirks | lai pērk |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | pērkot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | pērkošs | ||
| Past | esot pircis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | pirkdams | ||
| Future | pirkšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | pērkot | ||
| Imperative | lai pērkot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | pērkam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | pircis | |||
| Present | pirktu | Present Passive | pērkams | ||
| Past | būtu pircis | Past Passive | pirkts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāpērk | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | pirkt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāpērk | Negative Infinitive | nepirkt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāpērkot | Verbal noun | pirkšana | ||
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pirkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN