- Albanian: dënim (sq) m, ndëshkim (sq) m
- Arabic: عُقُوبَة f (ʿuqūba), عِقَاب (ar) m (ʿiqāb), مُجَازَاة f (mujāzāh), مُعَاقَبَة f (muʿāqaba)
- Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž), պատժում (hy) (patžum)
- Old Armenian: պատիժ (patiž), պատուհաս (patuhas)
- Asturian: castigu m
- Azerbaijani: cəza (az)
- Belarusian: пакара́нне n (pakaránnje), ка́ра f (kára)
- Bengali: সাজা (saja), দণ্ড (dôṇḍ)
- Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie)
- Burmese: ဒဏ် (my) (dan), အပြစ် (my) (a.prac)
- Catalan: punició f, puniment m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 懲罰 (zh), 惩罚 (zh) (chéngfá)
- Cornish: kessydhyans
- Czech: trest (cs) m
- Danish: straf
- Dutch: bestraffing (nl) f, straf (nl) f
- Esperanto: puno
- Estonian: karistus (et)
- Finnish: rankaiseminen, rangaistus (fi)
- French: punition (fr) f
- Galician: castigo (gl) m, punición (gl) f
- Georgian: დასჯა (dasǯa)
- German: Strafe (de) f, Bestrafung (de) f
- Greek: τιμωρία (el) (timoría)
- Ancient Greek: τιμωρία f (timōría)
- Hebrew: עונש \ עֹנֶשׁ (he) m ('ónesh), עֲנִישָׁה (he) f
- Hindi: सज़ा f (sazā), दण्ड (hi) m (daṇḍ)
- Hungarian: büntetés (hu)
- Icelandic: refsing (is) f
- Indonesian: hukuman (id)
- Italian: punizione (it) f, pena (it) f, castigo (it) m
- Japanese: 罰 (ja) (ばつ, batsu), 懲罰 (ja) (ちょうばつ, chōbatsu), 処罰 (ja) (しょばつ, shobatsu)
- Kazakh: жаза (kk) (jaza)
- Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (km) (toan), ទណ្ឌកម្ម (km) (toandea’kam), ទណ្ឌកិច្ច (toandea’kəc)
- Korean: 처벌 (ko) (cheobeol), 벌 (ko) (beol)
- Kurdish: ceza (ku)
- Kyrgyz: жаза (ky) (caza)
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- Lao: ໂທດ (thōt), ທັນ (than)
- Latin: supplicium n, poena f
- Latvian: sods m, sodīšana f
- Lithuanian: bausmė f
- Luxembourgish: Strof (lb) f
- Macedonian: ка́зна f (kázna), казну́вање n (kaznúvanje)
- Malay: hukuman
- Mongolian: шийтгэл (mn) (šijtgel)
- Norman: peunnition f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: straff (no) m
- Pashto: جزاء f (ǰazã), ايداد m (idád), مجازات m pl (maǰāzãt)
- Persian: مجازات (fa) (mojâzât), جزا (fa) (jazâ)
- Polish: karanie (pl) n
- Portuguese: punição (pt) f
- Quechua: wanay
- Romanian: pedepsire (ro) f, pedeapsă (ro) f
- Russian: наказа́ние (ru) n (nakazánije), ка́ра (ru) f (kára)
- Sanskrit: दण्ड (sa) m (daṇḍa)
- Scottish Gaelic: peanasachadh m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ка̏зна f
- Roman: kȁzna (sh) f
- Slovak: trest m
- Slovene: kazen (sl) n
- Spanish: castigo (es) m
- Swedish: straff (sv) n
- Tajik: ҷазо (jazo), сазо (sazo), муҷозот (mujozot)
- Thai: โทษ (th) (tôot), ทัณฑ์ (tan)
- Turkish: ceza (tr)
- Turkmen: jeza (tk)
- Ukrainian: покара́ння n (pokaránnja), ка́ра f (kára)
- Urdu: سزا f (sazā), دنڈ m (danḍ)
- Uyghur: جازا (jaza)
- Uzbek: jazo (uz)
- Vietnamese: hình phạt (vi), trừng trị (vi), sự phạt (vi)
- Yiddish: שטראָף (shtrof)
- Zazaki: ceza
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