- Albanian: dënim (sq) m, ndëshkim (sq) m
- Arabic: عِقَاب (ar) m (ʿiqāb), جَزَاء m (jazāʾ), مُجَازَاة f (mujāzāh)
- Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž), պատժում (hy) (patžum)
- Old Armenian: պատիժ (patiž), պատուհաս (patuhas)
- Asturian: castigu m
- Azerbaijani: cəza (az)
- Belarusian: пакара́нне n (pakaránnje), ка́ра f (kára)
- Bengali: সাজা (śaja), দণ্ড (dônḍ)
- Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie)
- Burmese: ဒဏ် (my) (dan), အပြစ် (my) (a.prac)
- Catalan: punició f, puniment m
- Cherokee: ᎤᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ (udasdvdisdi)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 懲罰 (zh), 惩罚 (zh) (chéngfá), 刑罰 (zh), 刑罚 (zh) (xíngfá)
- Cornish: kessydhyans
- Czech: trest (cs) m
- Danish: straf
- Dutch: bestraffing (nl) f, straf (nl) f
- Esperanto: puno
- Estonian: karistus (et)
- Faroese: revsing f
- Finnish: rankaiseminen, rankaisu (fi)
- French: punition (fr) f, châtiment (fr) m
- Galician: castigo (gl) m, punición (gl) f
- Georgian: დასჯა (dasǯa)
- German: Strafe (de) f, Bestrafung (de) f
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄 n (andabeit)
- Greek: τιμωρία (el) (timoría)
- Ancient: τιμωρία f (timōría)
- Hebrew: עונש (he) m (ónesh), ענישה (he) f (anishá)
- Hindi: सज़ा f (sazā), दण्ड (hi) m (daṇḍ)
- Hungarian: büntetés (hu)
- Icelandic: refsing (is) f
- Indonesian: hukuman (id)
- Italian: punizione (it) f, pena (it) f, castigo (it) m
- Japanese: 罰 (ja) (ばつ, batsu), 懲罰 (ja) (ちょうばつ, chōbatsu), 処罰 (ja) (しょばつ, shobatsu), 刑罰 (ja) (けいばつ, keibatsu)
- Kazakh: жаза (kk) (jaza)
- Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (km) (tŏən), ទណ្ឌកម្ម (km) (tŏəndĕəʼ kam), ទណ្ឌកិច្ច (tŏəndĕəʼ kəc)
- Korean: 처벌 (ko) (cheobeol), 벌 (ko) (beol), 형벌 (hyeongbeol), 징벌 (ko) (jingbeol)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: ceza (ku)
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- Kyrgyz: жаза (ky) (jaza)
- Lao: ໂທດ (thōt), ທັນ (than)
- Latin: supplicium n, poena f
- Latvian: sods m, sodīšana f
- Lithuanian: bausmė f
- Luxembourgish: Strof (lb) f
- Macedonian: ка́зна f (kázna), казну́вање n (kaznúvanje)
- Malay: hukuman (ms), seksa, dera
- Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
- Mongolian: шийтгэл (mn) (shiitgel)
- Norman: peunnition f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: straff (no) m
- Occitan: puniment m
- Old English: wīte n
- Pashto: جزاء f (ǰazã), ايداد m (idád), مجازات m pl (maǰāzãt)
- Persian: تنبیه (fa) (tanbih), جزا (fa) (jazâ), مجازات (fa) (mojâzât)
- Polish: karanie (pl) n, kara (pl) f
- Portuguese: punição (pt) f
- Quechua: wanay
- Romanian: pedepsire (ro) f, pedeapsă (ro) f
- Russian: наказа́ние (ru) n (nakazánije), ка́ра (ru) f (kára)
- Sanskrit: दण्ड (sa) m (daṇḍa), दम (sa) m (dama), निग्रह (sa) m (nigraha)
- Scottish Gaelic: peanasachadh m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ка̏зна f
- Roman: kȁzna (sh) f
- Slovak: trest m
- Slovene: kazen (sl) n
- Spanish: castigo (es) m
- Swedish: straff (sv) n
- Tajik: ҷазо (jazo), сазо (sazo), муҷозот (mujozot)
- Thai: โทษ (th) (tôot), ทัณฑ์ (tan)
- Turkish: ceza (tr)
- Turkmen: jeza (tk)
- Ukrainian: покара́ння n (pokaránnja), ка́ра f (kára)
- Urdu: سزا f (sazā), دنڈ m (danḍ)
- Uyghur: جازا (jaza)
- Uzbek: jazo (uz)
- Vietnamese: hình phạt (vi), trừng trị (vi), sự phạt (vi)
- Yiddish: שטראָף (shtrof)
- Zazaki: ceza
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