reserve

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French reserver.

PronunciationEdit

(General American) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈzɝv/
(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈzɜːv/
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
Hyphenation: re‧serve
Audio (US) (file)

NounEdit

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)

(behaviour) Restriction.
1. The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.
  The book is on reserve.
  
  I accept your view with one reserve.
2. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
1. A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.
  New oil reserves are continuously being discovered, but not as fast as the existing ones are running out.
  - 2014 April 25, Martin Lukacs, “Canada becoming launch-pad of a global tar sands and oil shale frenzy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 20, page 13:
    If Alberta’s reserves are a carbon bomb, this global expansion of tar sands and oil shale exploitation amounts to an escalating emissions arms race, the unlocking of a subterranean cache of weapons of mass ecological destruction.
2. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose
  the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio was originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut.
  
  the Clergy Reserves in Canada are for the support of the clergy.
3. (Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
4. (military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
5. (finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
6. A reserve price in an auction.
7. Wine held back and aged before being sold.
8. (ceramics) Absence of color or decoration; the state of being left plain.
  - 1973, Charles Kyrle Wilkinson, Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York, N.Y: Metropolitan Museum of Art, page 161:
    Each is decorated with a simple disk in reserve and a band in reserve adorned with white dots.
(social) Something initially kept back for later use in a recreation.
1. (sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.
2. (card games) A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
(calico printing) A resist.
A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

SynonymsEdit

(restraint of freedom in words or actions): self-restraint, reticence, taciturnity
(sports: reserve player): substitute
(military: reserve forces): Army Reserve, Territorial Army, TA, TAVR, territorials, terriers, reservists
(tract of land for Aboriginal peoples): reservation, res, rez

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

reservist

TranslationsEdit

the act of reserving or keeping back; reservation

Bulgarian: запася́ване n (zapasjávane), резерви́ране (bg) n (rezervírane)
Estonian: varumine
Finnish: varaus (fi)
French: réservation (fr)
German: Reservieren n, Bedenken (de) n, Vorbehalt (de) m
Greek: επιφύλαξη (el) f (epifýlaxi)
Japanese: 予約 (ja) (よやく, yoyaku)
Korean: 예약(豫約) (ko) (yeyak), 비축(備蓄) (bichuk)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: bestilling c, reservering c, reservasjon m
Polish: rezerwacja (pl) f (for later use), zastrzeżenie (pl) n (remark)
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: запаса́ние (ru) n (zapasánije), резерви́рование (ru) n (rezervírovanije)
Swedish: reservation (sv) c

restraint of freedom in words or actions

Bulgarian: резерви́раност (bg) f (rezervíranost), премълча́ване n (premǎlčávane)
Finnish: varautuneisuus
French: réserve (fr) f
German: Reserviertheit f
Japanese: 自制 (ja) (じせい, jisei), 控えめ (ひかえめ, hikaeme)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reserverthet m, tilbakeholdenhet (no) m
Polish: rezerwa (pl) f
Russian: сде́ржанность (ru) f (sdéržannostʹ)

that which is reserved or kept back, as for future use

Arabic: اِحْتِيَاط‎ m (iḥtiyāṭ)
Belarusian: запа́с m (zapás), рэзе́рв m (rezjérv), рэзэ́рв m (rezérv), рэзэ́рва f (rezérva)
Bulgarian: запа́с (bg) m (zapás), резе́рв m (rezérv)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 儲備／储备 (zh) (chǔbèi), 後備／后备 (zh) (hòubèi)
Czech: rezerva f, zásoba (cs) f
Danish: reserve
Dutch: reserve (nl) m or f
Finnish: varanto (fi), reservi (fi), varmuusvarasto (fi)
French: réserves (fr) f pl
Georgian: სადათარიგო (sadatarigo), სამარაგო (samarago), სარეზერვო (sarezervo), რეზერვის (rezervis), მარაგი (ka) (maragi), რეზერვი (rezervi)
German: Reserve (de) f
Hungarian: tartalék (hu)
Japanese: 予備 (ja) (よび, yobi), 備蓄 (ja) (びちく, bichiku)
Korean: 예비(豫備) (ko) (yebi), 비축(備蓄) (bichuk)
Macedonian: резерва f (rezerva)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reservasjon m, reserve (no) m

Nynorsk: reserve m
Polish: zapas (pl) m, zapasy (pl) m pl, rezerwa (pl) f
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: запа́с (ru) m (zapás), резе́рв (ru) m (rezérv)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: рѐзе̄рва f

Roman: rèzērva (sh) f
Slovak: rezerva f, zásoba f
Slovene: rezerva f
Spanish: reserva (es) f
Swedish: reserver (sv) pl
Tagalog: panimbos, pataan
Ukrainian: запа́с m (zapás), резе́рв m (rezérv)
Uyghur: زاپاس‎ (zapas)

known unexploited natural resource

Belarusian: запа́сы m pl (zapásy)
Bulgarian: запа́си (bg) m pl (zapási)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 保護區／保护区 (zh) (bǎohùqū)
Finnish: varanto (fi)
French: réserve (fr) f
German: Schutzgebiet (de) n, Naturreservat n
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reserve (no) m

Nynorsk: reserve m
Polish: rezerwy f pl
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: запа́сы (ru) m pl (zapásy)
Swedish: tillgång (sv)
Ukrainian: запа́си m pl (zapásy)

tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose

Azerbaijani: qoruq (az)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 保護區／保护区 (zh) (bǎohùqū)
Finnish: -alue (fi)
Japanese: 保護区 (ほごく, hogoku)
Korean: 보호구(保護區) (bohogu)
Maori: whenua tāpui, whenua rāhui, rāhui, wāhi poro(w)hita, āpure moana (marine), taiāpure (coastal area), poro(w)hita
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reservat (no) n
Polish: rezerwat (pl) m (nature reserve), rezerwa (pl) f (other uses)
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: запо́ведник (ru) m (zapóvednik), резерва́ция (ru) f (rezervácija)
Swedish: reservat (sv) n
Uzbek: qoʻriq (uz)

tract of land reserved for Aboriginal people

Belarusian: рэзерва́цыя f (rezjervácyja), рэзэрва́цыя f (rezervácyja)
Bulgarian: резерва́т m (rezervát)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 保留地 (zh) (bǎoliúdì)
Czech: rezervace (cs) f
Finnish: reservaatti (fi)
French: réserve (fr) f
German: Reservat (de) n, Reservation (de) f
Japanese: 保護区 (ほごく, hogoku), 居留地 (きょりゅうち, kyoryūchi)
Korean: 보호구(保護區) (bohogu), 거류지(居留地) (georyuji)
Polish: rezerwat (pl) m
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: резерва́ция (ru) f (rezervácija)
Slovak: rezervácia f
Swedish: reservat (sv) n
Ukrainian: резерва́ція f (rezervácija)

military: body of troops in the rear of an army

Belarusian: рэзе́рв m (rezjérv), рэзэ́рв m (rezérv), рэзэ́рва f (rezérva)
Bulgarian: резе́рв m (rezérv), запа́с (bg) m (zapás)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 預備役／预备役 (zh) (yùbèiyì)
Czech: rezerva f
Dutch: reserve (nl) f
Finnish: reservi (fi)
French: réserve (fr) f
German: Reserve (de) f
Japanese: 予備兵力 (よびへいりょく, yobi heiryoku), 予備役 (よびえき, yobieki)
Korean: 예비대(豫備隊) (ko) (yebidae)
Latin: subsidiāriī m pl, vēlātī m pl
Macedonian: резерва f (rezerva)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reserve (no) m, reservetropp m

Nynorsk: reserve m
Polish: rezerwa (pl) f, odwód (pl) m
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: запа́с (ru) m (zapás), резе́рв (ru) m (rezérv)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: рѐзе̄рва f

Roman: rèzērva (sh) f
Slovak: rezerva f
Slovene: rezerva f
Swedish: reserv (sv) c
Turkish: rezerv (tr)
Ukrainian: резе́рв m (rezérv)

finance: funds kept on hand

Bulgarian: резе́рвен фонд m (rezérven fond)
Finnish: varanto (fi), vararahasto
German: Reserve (de) f
Greek: αποθεματικό (el) n (apothematikó)
Japanese: 準備金 (ja) (じゅんびきん, jyunbikin), 引当金 (ja) (ひきあてきん, hikiatekin)
Malay: rezab, rizab
Maori: pūtea penapena
Norwegian: forråd (no) n, reservefond n
Bokmål: reserve (no) m

Nynorsk: reserve m
Portuguese: reserva (pt) f
Russian: резе́рвный фонд m (rezérvnyj fond)

sports: reserve player

Bulgarian: резе́рвен игра́ч m (rezérven igráč)
Finnish: vaihtopelaaja
French: remplaçant (fr) m
Japanese: 控え (ja) (ひかえ, hikae), 補欠 (ja) (ほけつ, hoketsu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: reserve (no) m, reservespiller m

Nynorsk: reserve m
Polish: rezerwowy (pl) m, rezerwowa f
Portuguese: reserva (pt) m or f
Russian: запасно́й игро́к m (zapasnój igrók), запасно́й (ru) m (zapasnój)
Swedish: reserv (sv) c

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Arabic: ^{(please verify)} حَجْز‎ (ar) m (ḥajz)
Chinese:
Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 儲備／储备 (zh) (chǔbèi)
Dutch: ^{(please verify)} reserve (nl) f
French: ^{(please verify)} réservation (fr) f
Italian: ^{(please verify)} riserva (it) f
Japanese: 保留地 (ほりゅうち, horyūchi), 予備地 (よびち, yobichi)
Korean: ^{(please verify)} 예비(豫備) (ko) (yebi)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: ^{(please verify)} reservasjon m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} рѐзе̄рва f

Roman: ^{(please verify)} rèzērva (sh) f
Spanish: ^{(please verify)} reserva (es) f
Swedish: ^{(please verify)} reserv (sv)

VerbEdit

reserve (third-person singular simple present reserves, present participle reserving, simple past and past participle reserved)

To keep back; to retain.
We reserve the right to make modifications.
To keep in store for future or special use.
This cake is reserved for the guests!
- c. 1703-1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage
  Conceal your esteem and love in your own breast, and reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.
To book in advance; to make a reservation.
I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town.

Synonyms: sign up, register, schedule, enroll, book
(obsolete) To make an exception of; to except.

TranslationsEdit

to reserve — see hold

to keep back; to retain

Bulgarian: запазвам (bg) (zapazvam), резервирам (bg) (rezerviram)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 保留 (zh) (bǎoliú)
Dutch: reserveren (nl), beschermen (nl)
Esperanto: rezervi
Finnish: varata (fi), pidättää (fi)
German: vorbehalten (de)
Japanese: (to keep back) 残す (ja) (のこす, nokosu), (to retain) 留保する (ja) (りゅうほする, ryūho suru)
Maori: pupuri
Norwegian: holde av, reservere, sette av
Portuguese: reservar (pt)
Russian: резерви́ровать (ru) impf (rezervírovatʹ), зарезерви́ровать (ru) pf (zarezervírovatʹ), оставля́ть за собо́й impf (ostavljátʹ za sobój)
Spanish: reservar (es)
Swedish: reservera (sv)
Vietnamese: giữ lại (vi), bảo lưu

to keep in store for future or special use

Assamese:
Central: সাঁচা (xãsa)

Eastern: সঁচা (xõsa)
Bulgarian: спестявам (bg) (spestjavam), съхранявам (bg) (sǎhranjavam)
Danish: forbeholde, lægge til side
Dutch: reserveren (nl), bewaren (nl)
Esperanto: rezervi
Finnish: varata (fi), varastoida (fi), säästää (fi), panna talteen
German: vorbehalten (de), reservieren (de)
Hungarian: foglal (hu), lefoglal (hu)
Japanese: 蓄える (ja) (たくわえる, takuwaeru)
Maori: haumi, tūrāhui
Norwegian: forbeholde, legge til side
Portuguese: reservar (pt)
Russian: запаса́ть (ru) impf (zapasátʹ), запасти́ (ru) pf (zapastí), откла́дывать (ru) impf (otkládyvatʹ), отложи́ть (ru) pf (otložítʹ)
Spanish: reservar (es)
Swedish: reservera (sv), förbehålla (sv), lägga åt sidan
Vietnamese: phòng bị (vi), để dành (vi)

to book in advance

Afrikaans: bespreek, bespreek
Arabic: حَجَزَ‎ (ar) (ḥajaza)
Bulgarian: резервирам (bg) (rezerviram)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 預訂／预订 (zh) (yùdìng)
Danish: bestille, reservere (da)
Dutch: reserveren (nl)
Esperanto: rezervi
Finnish: varata (fi)
French: réserver (fr)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: reservieren (de), buchen (de), vormerken (de)
Irish: cuir in áirithe
Japanese: 予約する (ja) (よやくする, yoyaku suru)
Korean: 예약(豫約)하다 (ko) (yeyakhada)
Malay: tempah
Maori: tāpui, whakakawhena
Norwegian: bestille (no), reservere
Polish: rezerwować (pl) impf, zarezerwować (pl) pf
Portuguese: reservar (pt)
Russian: резерви́ровать (ru) impf (rezervírovatʹ), зарезерви́ровать (ru) pf (zarezervírovatʹ), брони́ровать (ru) impf (bronírovatʹ), заброни́ровать (ru) pf (zabronírovatʹ), зака́зывать (ru) impf (zakázyvatʹ), заказа́ть (ru) pf (zakazátʹ)
Spanish: reservar (es)
Swedish: reservera (sv), beställa (sv)
Turkish: please add this translation if you can
Vietnamese: đặt trước

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

French: ^{(please verify)} réserver (fr)
Italian: ^{(please verify)} riservare (it)

AnagramsEdit

Reveres, reveres, reverse, severer, veerers

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Middle French reserve, from Old French reserver.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /rəˈzɛr.və/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: re‧ser‧ve
Rhymes: -ɛrvə

NounEdit

reserve f (plural reserves, diminutive reservetje n)

reserve, emergency supply (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use)
military reserves
reservation, restraint
(law, Belgium) forced estate, legitime
Synonym: voorbehouden deel

Antonym: beschikbaar deel
(sports) alternate, substitute, reserve