rhyfela
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /r̥əˈvɛla/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /r̥əˈveːla/, /r̥əˈvɛla/
- Rhymes: -ɛla
Verb edit
rhyfela (first-person singular present rhyfelaf)
- (intransitive) to war, to wage war
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | rhyfelaf | rhyfeli | rhyfela | rhyfelwn | rhyfelwch | rhyfelant | rhyfelir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
rhyfelwn | rhyfelit | rhyfelai | rhyfelem | rhyfelech | rhyfelent | rhyfelid | |
| preterite | rhyfelais | rhyfelaist | rhyfelodd | rhyfelasom | rhyfelasoch | rhyfelasant | rhyfelwyd | |
| pluperfect | rhyfelaswn | rhyfelasit | rhyfelasai | rhyfelasem | rhyfelasech | rhyfelasent | rhyfelasid, rhyfelesid | |
| present subjunctive | rhyfelwyf | rhyfelych | rhyfelo | rhyfelom | rhyfeloch | rhyfelont | rhyfeler | |
| imperative | — | rhyfela | rhyfeled | rhyfelwn | rhyfelwch | rhyfelent | rhyfeler | |
| verbal noun | rhyfela | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | rhyfeledig rhyfeladwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | rhyfela i, rhyfelaf i | rhyfeli di | rhyfelith o/e/hi, rhyfeliff e/hi | rhyfelwn ni | rhyfelwch chi | rhyfelan nhw |
| conditional | rhyfelwn i, rhyfelswn i | rhyfelet ti, rhyfelset ti | rhyfelai fo/fe/hi, rhyfelsai fo/fe/hi | rhyfelen ni, rhyfelsen ni | rhyfelech chi, rhyfelsech chi | rhyfelen nhw, rhyfelsen nhw |
| preterite | rhyfelais i, rhyfeles i | rhyfelaist ti, rhyfelest ti | rhyfelodd o/e/hi | rhyfelon ni | rhyfeloch chi | rhyfelon nhw |
| imperative | — | rhyfela | — | — | rhyfelwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms edit
- rhyfelwr (“warrior”)
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| rhyfela | ryfela | unchanged | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhyfela”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies