sinus
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus (plural sinuses)
- (anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).
- (anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.
- Hyponyms: carotid sinus, cavernous sinus, coronary sinus, lateral sinus, petrosal sinus, sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, venous sinus
- (physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.
- (pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
- (botany) A rounded notch or depression between two lobes or teeth in the margin of a leaf or petal.
- (geography) A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.
- (trigonometry) Synonym of sine.
- 1884 November 29, “Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures, volume LI, number 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., translation of original by Victor Tatin in La Nature, page 342, column 1:
- So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.
- 1996, Pentti Zetterberg; Matti Eronen; Markus Lindholm, Heinrich Spiecker, Kari Mielikäinen, Michael Köhl, and Jens Peter Skovsgaard, editors, Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 15:
- The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.
- 2007, Vladimir G. Ivancevic; Tijana T. Ivancevic, “Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, LCCN 2007925682, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind), pages 60–61:
- Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
ReferencesEdit
- “sinus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- “sinus”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus m (plural sinus)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sinus” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus m inan
- (trigonometry) sine
- (anatomy) sinus
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- sinus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- sinus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- sinus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
DanishEdit
NounEdit
sinus c (singular definite sinussen, plural indefinite sinusser)
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: si‧nus
Etymology 1Edit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
NounEdit
sinus m (plural sinussen, diminutive sinusje n)
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
NounEdit
sinus m (plural sinussen, diminutive sinusje n)
DescendantsEdit
- → Indonesian: sinus
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus. Doublet of sein.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus m (plural sinus)
- (anatomy) sinus
- (trigonometry) sine
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sinus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus (first-person possessive sinusku, second-person possessive sinusmu, third-person possessive sinusnya)
- sinus:
- (trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sinus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
LatinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Indo-European *sinos; akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).[1]
The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension
- (chiefly poetic) a bent surface; a curve, fold, hollow
- (literally) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap
- Synonym: gremium
- (transferred sense)
- (figuratively)
- the bosom for love, protection, asylum
- the interior, inmost part of a thing
- a power, possession of someone
- a hiding place, place of concealment; a secret feeling
- a gulf, bay, bight
- (Medieval Latin, mathematics) the chord of an arc; a sine
QuotationsEdit
Aeneid (Publius Vergilius Maro) Line 160-161 Latin: quibus omnis ab alto frangitus inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos English: on which all the waves from the deep are broken and it splits itself into receeding ripples
InflectionEdit
Fourth-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | sinus | sinūs |
Genitive | sinūs | sinuum |
Dative | sinuī | sinibus |
Accusative | sinum | sinūs |
Ablative | sinū | sinibus |
Vocative | sinus | sinūs |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁ih₂sno-, deverbative of *seh₁y- ‘to sift, strain’ (compare Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō), Lithuanian sijóti, Serbo-Croatian sȉjati).[2]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sīnus m (genitive sīnī); second declension
InflectionEdit
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | sīnus | sīnī |
Genitive | sīnī | sīnōrum |
Dative | sīnō | sīnīs |
Accusative | sīnum | sīnōs |
Ablative | sīnō | sīnīs |
Vocative | sīne | sīnī |
ReferencesEdit
- sinus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- sinum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- sinus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sinus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- sinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
- to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
- to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
- (ambiguous) to be driven into the arms of philosophy: in sinum philosophiae compelli
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- sinus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sinus in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
- ^ Michiel de Vaan (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages, Leiden: Brill, page 567
- ^ Douglas Q. Adams (1997), “Sieve”, in J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams, editors, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, page 518
Northern SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
NounEdit
sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinuser, definite plural sinusene)
- (trigonometry) sine
- (anatomy) sinus
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “sinus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin sinus.
NounEdit
sinus m (definite singular sinusen, indefinite plural sinusar, definite plural sinusane)
- (trigonometry) sine
- (anatomy) sinus
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “sinus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sinus m inan
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- sinus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- sinus in Polish dictionaries at PWN
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French sinus, from Latin sinus.
NounEdit
sinus n (plural sinusuri)
- sine (trigonometric function)
VepsEdit
PronounEdit
sinus