sirat

Hungarian

Etymology

sír (“to weep, cry”) +‎ -at (causative suffix)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃirɒt]
• Hyphenation: si‧rat
• Rhymes: -ɒt

Verb

sirat

1. (transitive) to bewail, lament, mourn, grieve

Usage notes

Even though this verb has a causative suffix on the verb sír (“to weep, cry”), it doesn’t mean “to make someone cry”; instead, (meg)ríkat can be used in this sense.

Conjugation

conjugation of sirat

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	siratok	siratsz	sirat	siratunk	sirattok	siratnak
		Def.	siratom	siratod	siratja	siratjuk	siratjátok	siratják
		2nd-p. o.	siratlak	―
	Past	Indef.	sirattam	sirattál	siratott	sirattunk	sirattatok	sirattak
		Def.	sirattam	sirattad	siratta	sirattuk	sirattátok	siratták
		2nd-p. o.	sirattalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. siratni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	siraték	siratál	sirata	siratánk	siratátok	siratának
		Def.	siratám	siratád	siratá	siratánk	siratátok	siraták
		2nd-p. o.	siratálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sirat vala, siratott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	siratandok	siratandasz	siratand	siratandunk	siratandotok	siratandanak
		Def.	siratandom	siratandod	siratandja	siratandjuk	siratandjátok	siratandják
		2nd-p. o.	siratandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	siratnék	siratnál	siratna	siratnánk	siratnátok	siratnának
		Def.	siratnám	siratnád	siratná	siratnánk (or siratnók)	siratnátok	siratnák
		2nd-p. o.	siratnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. siratott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	sirassak	sirass or sirassál	sirasson	sirassunk	sirassatok	sirassanak
		Def.	sirassam	sirasd or sirassad	sirassa	sirassuk	sirassátok	sirassák
		2nd-p. o.	sirassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. siratott légyen
Infinitive	siratni		siratnom	siratnod	siratnia	siratnunk	siratnotok	siratniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	siratás		sirató	siratott	siratandó	siratva (siratván)		sirattat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of sirat

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	sirathatok	sirathatsz	sirathat	sirathatunk	sirathattok	sirathatnak
		Def.	sirathatom	sirathatod	sirathatja	sirathatjuk	sirathatjátok	sirathatják
		2nd-p. o.	sirathatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	sirathattam	sirathattál	sirathatott	sirathattunk	sirathattatok	sirathattak
		Def.	sirathattam	sirathattad	sirathatta	sirathattuk	sirathattátok	sirathatták
		2nd-p. o.	sirathattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	sirathaték	sirathatál	sirathata	sirathatánk	sirathatátok	sirathatának
		Def.	sirathatám	sirathatád	sirathatá	sirathatánk	sirathatátok	sirathaták
		2nd-p. o.	sirathatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. sirathat vala, sirathatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	sirathatandok or siratandhatok	sirathatandasz or siratandhatsz	sirathatand or siratandhat	sirathatandunk or siratandhatunk	sirathatandotok or siratandhattok	sirathatandanak or siratandhatnak
		Def.	sirathatandom or siratandhatom	sirathatandod or siratandhatod	sirathatandja or siratandhatja	sirathatandjuk or siratandhatjuk	sirathatandjátok or siratandhatjátok	sirathatandják or siratandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	sirathatandalak or siratandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	sirathatnék	sirathatnál	sirathatna	sirathatnánk	sirathatnátok	sirathatnának
		Def.	sirathatnám	sirathatnád	sirathatná	sirathatnánk (or sirathatnók)	sirathatnátok	sirathatnák
		2nd-p. o.	sirathatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sirathatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	sirathassak	sirathass or sirathassál	sirathasson	sirathassunk	sirathassatok	sirathassanak
		Def.	sirathassam	sirathasd or sirathassad	sirathassa	sirathassuk	sirathassátok	sirathassák
		2nd-p. o.	sirathassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sirathatott légyen
Inf.	(sirathatni)		(sirathatnom)	(sirathatnod)	(sirathatnia)	(sirathatnunk)	(sirathatnotok)	(sirathatniuk)
Positive adjective			siratható	Neg. adj.	sirathatatlan	Adv. part.	(sirathatva / sirathatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

• elsirat
• megsirat

Further reading

• sirat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Zierrat. Cognate of Dutch sieraad.

Noun

sirat c

1. ornament, decoration

Declension

Declension of sirat
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	sirat	siraten	sirater	siraterna
Genitive	sirats	siratens	siraters	siraternas

Derived terms

• siratlig

Related terms

• sira
• sirlig

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sirat

1. supine of sira

Adjective

sirat

1. indefinite neuter singular of sirad

References

• sirat in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sirat in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sirat in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)